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Nonprofiteer
← REAL ESTATE BOARD OF NEW YORK INC

Form 990 for tax year 2022

Filed by REAL ESTATE BOARD OF NEW YORK INC.

Totals

Total revenue
$16,622,426
Total expenses
$15,211,817
Contributions and grants received
$539,644
Grants paid
$0
Program service revenue
not reported
Investment income
not reported
Other revenue
not reported
Total assets, end of year
not reported
Total liabilities, end of year
not reported
Net assets or fund balances, end of year
not reported
Program services expenses (Part IX)
$0
Management and general expenses
$0
Fundraising expenses
$0
Program service expenses (Part III)
$15,211,817

Program services were 0.0% of total expenses calculated — Part IX's program-services column over total expenses, both as filed.

Listed in Part VII

  • DOUGLAS D DURST

    CHAIRPERSON

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • WILLIAM C RUDIN

    CHAIRPERSON

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • ROB SPEYER

    PAST CHAIRPE

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • MARY ANN TIGHE

    PAST CHAIRPE

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • STEPHEN M ROSS

    PAST CHAIRPE

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • LARRY A SILVERSTEIN

    PAST CHAIRPE

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • DANIEL BRODSKY

    VICE CHAIRPE

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • ALAN H WIENER

    VICE CHAIRPE

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • LEONARD BOXER

    VICE PRESIDE

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • ROBERT A KNAKAL

    VICE PRESIDE

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • FREDERICK W PETERS

    VICE PRESIDE

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • AMY ROSE

    VICE PRESIDE

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • DONALD ZUCKER

    VICE PRESIDE

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • LESLIE WOHLMAN HIMMEL

    TREASURER

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • BRUCE BEAL

    SECRETARY

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • MICHELLE ADAMS

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • SCOTT ALPER

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • BARRY ALTSHULER

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • J DEAN AMRO

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • GARY BARNETT

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • ALBERT P BEHLER

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • LAWRENCE B BENENSON

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • MEGUMI BROD

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • BEN BROWN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • DONALD CAPOCCIA

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JOHN CATSIMATIDIS

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • RICHARD CLARK

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • CHARLES S COHEN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JERRY L COHEN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • LAWRENCE J COHEN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • HELENA DURST

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • DOUGLAS EISENBERG

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • PHILIP EISENBERG

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • ABIGAIL BLACK ELBAUM

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • H HENRY ELGHANAYAN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • JUSTIN ELGHANAYAN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • K THOMAS ELGHANAYAN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • JEREMY FARRELL

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • BRIAN FEIL

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JEFFREY J FEIL

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • RICHARD FERRARI

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • HAROLD A FETNER

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • JOHN FISH

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • WINSTON FISHER

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • MICHAEL FRANCO

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • BESS FREEDMAN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • ROBERT L FREEDMAN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • BRENNAN GILBANE KOCH

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • MARY ANNE GILMARTIN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • BARRY GOSIN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • JAMES M GRIPPI

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • DAN J GRONICH

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JOSEPH A GROTTO JR

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JEFFREY GURAL

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • ERIC D HADAR

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • WARREN M HELLER

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • DAMON J HEMMERDINGER

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • DOROTHY HERMAN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • MARC HOLLIDAY

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • JONATHAN IGER

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • GARY JACOB

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • PETER S KALIKOW

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • MEREDITH KANE

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • ALEX KATZ

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • STEVEN M KENNY

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • GEORGE KLEIN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • MARIAN KLEIN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • DAVID J KOEPPEL

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JAMES D KUHN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JAMIL LACOURT

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • KEVIN LALEZARIAN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • MARGARETTE LEE

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • HARRISON LEFRAK

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • JEFFERY E LEVINE

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • DAVID LICHTENSTEIN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • PAMELA LIEBMAN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • HOWARD LORBER

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • WILLIAM S MACKLOWE

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • ANTHONY E MALKIN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JEFFREY MANDEL

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • FREDERICK KANE MAREK

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • FRANK MARINO

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • KEN MCINTYRE

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JOSEPH A MCMILLAN JR

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • KARA MCSHANE

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JONATHAN L MECHANIC

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • STEPHEN J MERINGOFF

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • MELANIE MEYERS

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • EDWARD J MINSKOFF

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JOSEPH MOINIAN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • WILLIAM C MONTANA

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • ROSS MOSKOWITZ

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • BRUCE E MOSLER

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • WENDY MOSLER

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JASON L MUSS

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • MIKI NAFTALI

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JAMES NELSON

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JAY A NEVELOFF

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • WAYNE NGAI

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JJ OFER

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • MARIO J PALUMBO

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • PAUL PARISER

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • MICHAEL PHILLIPS

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • DAVID PICKET

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • JOEL I PICKET

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • CAROLE PITTELMAN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • SCOTT RECHLER

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • GREGORY R REIMERS

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JONATHAN RESNICK

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • SCOTT N RESNICK

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • PETER G RIGUARDI

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • ANDREW H ROOS

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • DANIEL ROSE

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • ABY ROSEN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • DAVID ROTHENBERG

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • STEVEN RUBENSTEIN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • JOHN SANTORA

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • SUJOHN SARKAR

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • ROBERT SCHARF

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • CHRISTOPHER SCHLANK

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • NADIR SETTLES

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JEREMY SHELL

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • DAVID SIGMAN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • LISA SILVERSTEIN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • ANDREW J SINGER

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • SCOTT E SOLOMON

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • HILARY SPANN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JERRY I SPEYER

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • DARCY A STACOM

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • ELIZABETH F STRIBLING

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • HOWARD SWARZMAN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • DANIEL R TISHMAN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • JON VOGEL

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JAMES R WACHT

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JED WALENTAS

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.5

  • KEVIN R WANG

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • BERNARD WARREN

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • PHILIP M WATERMAN III

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • GLEN J WEISS

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • FRED WILPON

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JEFFREY WILPON

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • LARY S WOLF

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • LAURIE ZUCKER

    MEMBER BD GO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    0.25

  • JAMES WHELAN

    PRESIDENT

    Total calculated
    $906,324
    From this org
    $832,614
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $73,710
    Hours/week
    40

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $832,614
    Bonus
    not reported
    Other
    not reported
    Deferred
    $29,433
    Nontaxable benefits
    $44,277
    Filer's total
    $906,324

  • MAUREEN LAUSTER

    CFO

    Total calculated
    $267,692
    From this org
    $237,650
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $30,042
    Hours/week
    40

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $237,650
    Bonus
    not reported
    Other
    not reported
    Deferred
    $16,491
    Nontaxable benefits
    $13,551
    Filer's total
    $267,692

  • TRACEY MALLIN

    CONTROLLER

    Total calculated
    $256,059
    From this org
    $221,344
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $34,715
    Hours/week
    40

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $221,344
    Bonus
    not reported
    Other
    not reported
    Deferred
    $19,645
    Nontaxable benefits
    $15,070
    Filer's total
    $256,059

  • SANDHYA ESPITIA

    COO

    Total calculated
    $389,113
    From this org
    $365,475
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $23,638
    Hours/week
    40

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $365,475
    Bonus
    not reported
    Other
    not reported
    Deferred
    $23,638
    Nontaxable benefits
    not reported
    Filer's total
    $389,113

  • CHRISTOPHER BEACH

    CTO

    Total calculated
    $291,654
    From this org
    $232,810
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $58,844
    Hours/week
    40

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $232,810
    Bonus
    not reported
    Other
    not reported
    Deferred
    $18,759
    Nontaxable benefits
    $40,085
    Filer's total
    $291,654

  • REGGIE THOMAS

    SVP

    Total calculated
    $351,272
    From this org
    $312,268
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $39,004
    Hours/week
    40

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $312,268
    Bonus
    not reported
    Other
    not reported
    Deferred
    $20,893
    Nontaxable benefits
    $18,111
    Filer's total
    $351,272

  • CARL HUM

    SVP GENERAL

    Total calculated
    $299,403
    From this org
    $230,975
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $68,428
    Hours/week
    40

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $230,975
    Bonus
    not reported
    Other
    not reported
    Deferred
    $21,457
    Nontaxable benefits
    $46,971
    Filer's total
    $299,403

  • BASHA GERHARDS

    SVP

    Total calculated
    $234,710
    From this org
    $173,407
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $61,303
    Hours/week
    40

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $173,407
    Bonus
    not reported
    Other
    not reported
    Deferred
    $13,018
    Nontaxable benefits
    $48,285
    Filer's total
    $234,710

  • NINVE JAMES

    SVP

    Total calculated
    $333,094
    From this org
    $312,201
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $20,893
    Hours/week
    40

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $312,201
    Bonus
    not reported
    Other
    not reported
    Deferred
    $20,893
    Nontaxable benefits
    not reported
    Filer's total
    $333,094

  • ZACHARY SCHECTER-STEINBERG

    SVP

    Total calculated
    $209,799
    From this org
    $184,944
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $24,855
    Hours/week
    40

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $184,944
    Bonus
    not reported
    Other
    not reported
    Deferred
    $13,018
    Nontaxable benefits
    $11,837
    Filer's total
    $209,799

  • SAMUEL SPOKONY

    SVP

    Total calculated
    $201,754
    From this org
    $179,122
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $22,632
    Hours/week
    40

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $179,122
    Bonus
    not reported
    Other
    not reported
    Deferred
    $11,011
    Nontaxable benefits
    $11,621
    Filer's total
    $201,754

  • YVONNE RILEY-TEPIE

    SVP

    Total calculated
    $296,147
    From this org
    $245,355
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $50,792
    Hours/week
    40

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $245,355
    Bonus
    not reported
    Other
    not reported
    Deferred
    $22,058
    Nontaxable benefits
    $28,734
    Filer's total
    $296,147

  • MIAH YOO

    SVP

    Total calculated
    $172,316
    From this org
    $147,919
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $24,397
    Hours/week
    40

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $147,919
    Bonus
    not reported
    Other
    not reported
    Deferred
    $9,246
    Nontaxable benefits
    $15,151
    Filer's total
    $172,316

  • MARYANN AVILES

    VP

    Total calculated
    $223,303
    From this org
    $195,675
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $27,628
    Hours/week
    40

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $195,675
    Bonus
    not reported
    Other
    not reported
    Deferred
    $23,359
    Nontaxable benefits
    $4,269
    Filer's total
    $223,303

  • RYAN MONELL

    VP

    Total calculated
    $187,464
    From this org
    $163,720
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $23,744
    Hours/week
    40

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $163,720
    Bonus
    not reported
    Other
    not reported
    Deferred
    $10,093
    Nontaxable benefits
    $13,651
    Filer's total
    $187,464

  • COLLEEN SLATTERY

    VP

    Total calculated
    $163,001
    From this org
    $137,867
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $25,134
    Hours/week
    40

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $137,867
    Bonus
    not reported
    Other
    not reported
    Deferred
    $11,083
    Nontaxable benefits
    $14,051
    Filer's total
    $163,001

Compensation is as filed in Part VII: reportable pay from this organization and from related organizations, other compensation, and hours per week. The total, marked calculated, is our sum of the three dollar columns, with a blank column counted as $0; the form itself has no total. On a Form 990-EZ the columns are Part IV's instead, and on a Form 990-PF Part VIII's — compensation, contributions to benefit plans, and expense account — and the total sums those. A Schedule J breakdown is as filed: base pay, bonus, other, deferred compensation and nontaxable benefits from this organization, with any from related organizations beside each, and the filer's own total. It is shown with the Part VII listing of the same name on the same return. The form gives no key between the two, so that pairing is ours, and is marked matched by us.

Schedule J

Answered yes

None.

Answered no

  • 4a · Severance or change-of-control payment
  • 4b · Supplemental nonqualified retirement plan
  • 4c · Equity-based compensation arrangement

Part I's answers as filed. A line not listed was left unanswered; on lines 1a and 3 that means the box was not checked.

Grants on this return

No itemized grants to organizations on this return.

Related organizations on this return

Schedule R Part II: tax-exempt organizations related to the filer by control. It does not record shared board members or money.

Provenance

Return type
form_990
Tax year
2022
Filed
14 November 2023
IRS schema version
2022v5.0
Source object
202313189349310926

Check it against the return as filed: the GivingTuesday Data Lake hosts a public copy of the original XML.

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