Form 990 for tax year 2025

Filed by CENTER FOR ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT.

Totals

Total revenue: $39,542,100
Total expenses: $37,029,854
Contributions and grants received: $11,764,586
Grants paid: $1,000
Program service revenue: $26,372,600
Investment income: $1,537,037
Other revenue: -$132,123
Total assets, end of year: $56,772,531
Total liabilities, end of year: $10,519,788
Net assets or fund balances, end of year: $46,252,743
Program services expenses (Part IX): $29,491,501
Management and general expenses: $7,538,353
Fundraising expenses: $0
Program service expenses (Part III): $29,491,501

Program services were 79.6% of total expenses calculated — Part IX's program-services column over total expenses, both as filed.

Line items

Every line the filer filed in Parts VIII, IX and X, as filed and in filed order. Blank columns are left out, and the lines are not forced to add up to the totals above.

Revenue

Part VIII, the statement of revenue.

1a · Federated campaigns

$0
1b · Membership dues

$0
1c · Fundraising events

$0
1d · Related organizations

$0
1e · Government grants (contributions)

$10,769,375
1f · All other contributions, gifts and grants

$995,211
1g · Noncash contributions included above

$0
2a · Program service revenue: Energy Conservation

total $21,566,649 · related or exempt $21,566,649 · unrelated business $0 · excluded $0
2b · Program service revenue: Market Transformation

total $986,482 · related or exempt $986,482 · unrelated business $0 · excluded $0
2c · Program service revenue: Lending

total $2,460,337 · related or exempt $2,460,337 · unrelated business $0 · excluded $0
2d · Program service revenue: Research

total $1,358,723 · related or exempt $1,358,723 · unrelated business $0 · excluded $0
2e · Program service revenue: Policy and Education

total $409 · related or exempt $409 · unrelated business $0 · excluded $0
2f · All other program service revenue

total $0 · related or exempt $0 · unrelated business $0 · excluded $0
3 · Investment income

total $1,512,423 · related or exempt $0 · unrelated business $0 · excluded $1,512,423
4 · Income from investment of tax-exempt bond proceeds

total $0 · related or exempt $0 · unrelated business $0 · excluded $0
5 · Royalties

total $0 · related or exempt $0 · unrelated business $0 · excluded $0
6c · Rental income or loss

real property $0 · personal property $0
7a · Gross sales of assets other than inventory

securities $0 · other assets $24,614
7b · Less cost or other basis and sales expenses

securities $0 · other assets $0
7c · Gain or loss

securities $0 · other assets $24,614
7d · Net gain or loss

total $24,614 · related or exempt $24,614 · unrelated business $0 · excluded $0
8a · Fundraising events: contributions included on line 1c

$0
10a · Gross sales of inventory

$10,250
10b · Cost of goods sold

$147,140
10c · Net income from sales of inventory

total -$136,890 · related or exempt -$136,890 · unrelated business $0 · excluded $0
11d · All other revenue

total $4,767 · related or exempt $4,767 · unrelated business $0 · excluded $0
11e · Other revenue, total

$4,767

Functional expenses

Part IX, the statement of functional expenses.

1 · Grants to domestic organizations and governments

total $1,000 · program services $1,000
2 · Grants to domestic individuals

total $0 · program services $0
3 · Grants to foreign organizations and individuals

total $0 · program services $0
4 · Benefits paid to or for members

total $0 · program services $0
5 · Compensation of officers, directors and key employees

total $957,936 · program services $597,825 · management and general $360,111 · fundraising $0
7 · Other salaries and wages

total $19,671,112 · program services $15,907,688 · management and general $3,763,424
9 · Other employee benefits

total $3,820,673 · program services $2,879,420 · management and general $941,253
10 · Payroll taxes

total $1,497,691 · program services $1,130,560 · management and general $367,131
11b · Fees: legal

total $55,227 · management and general $55,227
11c · Fees: accounting

total $147,934 · management and general $147,934
11d · Fees: lobbying

total $55,000 · management and general $55,000
11f · Fees: investment management

total $117,986 · management and general $117,986
11g · Fees: other

total $4,944,087 · program services $4,763,956 · management and general $180,131
12 · Advertising and promotion

total $129,741 · program services $125,230 · management and general $4,511
13 · Office expenses

total $2,244,579 · program services $2,020,542 · management and general $224,037
14 · Information technology

total $889,060 · program services $307,664 · management and general $581,396
16 · Occupancy

total $570,356 · program services $456,348 · management and general $114,008
17 · Travel

total $429,156 · program services $386,234 · management and general $42,922
19 · Conferences, conventions and meetings

total $280,653 · program services $216,396 · management and general $64,257
20 · Interest

total $2,840 · management and general $2,840
22 · Depreciation, depletion and amortization

total $335,519 · program services $268,452 · management and general $67,067
23 · Insurance

total $327,900 · program services $262,356 · management and general $65,544
24a · Other expenses: Loan fees

total $165,380 · program services $165,380 · management and general $0 · fundraising $0
24b · Other expenses: Bad debt expense

total $273,927 · program services $0 · management and general $273,927 · fundraising $0
24c · Other expenses: Other expenses

total $112,097 · program services $2,450 · management and general $109,647 · fundraising $0

Balance sheet

Part X, book values.

1 · Cash, non-interest-bearing

beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
2 · Savings and temporary cash investments

beginning of year $8,562,955 · end of year $10,086,632
3 · Pledges and grants receivable

beginning of year $0 · end of year $212,000
4 · Accounts receivable

beginning of year $6,526,712 · end of year $6,543,369
5 · Loans and receivables from officers and key people

beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
6 · Loans and receivables from disqualified persons

beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
7 · Other notes and loans receivable

beginning of year $1,066,793 · end of year $0
8 · Inventories for sale or use

beginning of year $40,524 · end of year $60,756
9 · Prepaid expenses and deferred charges

beginning of year $507,635 · end of year $570,682
10a · Land, buildings and equipment: cost or other basis

$5,817,206
10b · Land, buildings and equipment: accumulated depreciation

$4,611,446
10c · Land, buildings and equipment, net

beginning of year $889,993 · end of year $1,205,760
11 · Investments: publicly traded securities

beginning of year $16,852,086 · end of year $21,254,972
12 · Investments: other securities

beginning of year $0 · end of year $2,044,611
13 · Investments: program-related

beginning of year $14,114,413 · end of year $13,039,303
14 · Intangible assets

beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
15 · Other assets

beginning of year $3,499,052 · end of year $1,754,446
17 · Accounts payable and accrued expenses

beginning of year $3,267,601 · end of year $3,040,643
18 · Grants payable

beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
19 · Deferred revenue

beginning of year $1,005,052 · end of year $1,939,823
20 · Tax-exempt bond liabilities

beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
21 · Escrow or custodial account liability

beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
22 · Loans and payables to officers and key people

beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
23 · Secured mortgages and notes payable

beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
24 · Unsecured notes and loans payable

beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
25 · Other liabilities

beginning of year $5,034,971 · end of year $5,539,322
27 · Net assets without donor restrictions

beginning of year $41,370,389 · end of year $45,349,643
28 · Net assets with donor restrictions

beginning of year $1,382,150 · end of year $903,100

Mission and programs · 2025

Mission

The Center for Energy and Environment's mission is to discover and deploy the most effective energy solutions that strengthen the economy and improve the environment. The Minnesota-based nonprofit provides practical energy solutions for homes, businesses, and communities.

Activities or mission (Part I)

The Center for Energy and Environment (CEE) is a clean energy nonprofit with decades of special expertise in energy efficiency. Working in homes, buildings, and communities, CEE discovers and deploys the most effective energy solutions to strengthen the economy and improve the environment.

ENERGY CONSERVATION SERVICES: CEE delivers programs throughout the upper Midwest and other cold-climate U.S. regions. CEE's programs reduce energy use, improve safety, and lower utility costs in Minnesota's homes, businesses, and communities. With competitive funding from government grants, utilities, philanthropy, and program partners, every year CEE supports improvement opportunities in more than 10,000 homes and businesses. We prioritize reducing the costs of energy services and maximizing bill savings for all Minnesotans. In residential programming, CEE delivers the utility-funded Home Energy Squad, pairing energy-saving installations with energy assessments to improve home comfort and savings. In 2025, CEE completed over 7,200 visits and helped save energy amounting to about 3 gigawatt hours and 29,000 decatherms. And 1,498 residents used the free Energy Advisor Service to complete energy efficiency projects and earn 1,767 rebates. Also in residential programming, CEE's utility-supported Multifamily Energy Solutions program has served over 14,000 multifamily units, resulting in annual average savings of $27 per unit on natural gas bills and an additional $11 per unit on electricity. In 2025, over 50 Rochester households attended Neighbor Energy Challenge workshops and CEE staff delivered over 480 energy saving kits to residents in Duluth, Eagan, Rochester, and Worthington. Separately in 2025, CEE's Authorized Insulation Contractor Program completed 26 onsite quality assurance inspections and 8 remote quality assurance inspections, onboarded 7 new contractors, and certified 18 new crew leaders. Another residential program, CEE's New Homes Single-family and Multifamily Rater Services, performed a variety of energy consulting and ratings for 302 homes and 95 builders; for multifamily developers, the program worked on 19 buildings with 9 builders and 11 developers covering over 500 apartment units. Among CEE's services for businesses, One-Stop Efficiency Shop offers a full-service rebate program for small- to mid-size businesses in Xcel Energy's Minnesota services territory, with a focus on lighting, free smart thermostat installations, rooftop unit improvements, and refrigeration. In 2025, One-Stop completed 1,843 projects including 696 smart thermostat installations, leading to the conservation of 13 megawatts and 59.3 gigawatt hours of energy, as well as $11 million in disbursed rebates and $6 million in annual savings for local businesses. Programming for communities relies on local insights and data to tailor planning to each community's unique goals. In 2025, CEE implemented the utility-funded Partners in Energy program for 22 cities, providing services to develop and implement energy action plans. CEE also offers consulting to help communities reach their goals with support for project financing, policy and technical advising, stakeholder engagement, energy benchmarking, resilience planning, and more. In 2025, CEE became the technical assistance provider for Minnesota's federally funded, low-income Weatherization Assistance Program. Our support for underserved communities also includes energy-rating and quality assurance for affordable housing, disadvantaged communities, as well as workforce training. CEE offers utility-supported paid training to join the clean energy sector as energy auditors, insulation installers, line workers, and contractors. In 2025, CEE trained more than 125 people for energy-sector careers. In 2025, we added 10 new contractors as employer hosts for 14-week long internships. Separately, CEE also delivers Minnesota Home Energy Training, a state-funded program that similarly recruits, trains, and supports energy efficiency careers.

Expenses $18,223,134 · Grants $1,000 · Revenue $21,566,649
MARKET TRANSFORMATION: CEE was previously selected through a rigorous application process to deliver Minnesota's Efficient Technology Accelerator (ETA), a statewide market transformation program to accelerate deployment and reduce the cost of promising new technologies, bringing lower energy bills and environmental benefits to all Minnesotans. Starting at an early stage of development, ETA's work is closely monitored by Minnesota's Department of Commerce, funding utilities, and other key stakeholders. In 2025, CEE's ETA program used multiple approaches to promote heat pumps, a well-vetted technology to decarbonize heating in single-family homes. CEE's efforts have helped ducted heat pumps to jump from just 4% of the HVAC cooling market in 2020 to 17% by 2025. To support the growth, CEE trained 270 HVAC contractors to properly install and effectively sell heat pumps. Our preferred contractor list expanded to 73 contractors to help Minnesotans save money and cut carbon emissions. ETA also helped dramatically advance Minnesota's residential energy code. A state advisory committee adopted all of CEE's 17 sponsored amendments to the recent residential energy building code. The resulting code will reduce energy use by 21 percent and generate 30-year net savings of $37,200 to Minnesota homeowners. In the filing year, ETA reached a major milestone, for the first time reporting statewide energy savings, cost-effectiveness, and emissions reductions related to residential heat pumps, high-performance windows in new construction, and LLLC lighting controls. Early evidence of market shifts and reduced barriers include increased product availability, improved contractor familiarity, and notable upticks in adoption of ETA's promoted technologies.

Expenses $6,375,412 · Revenue $986,482
LENDING: In 2025, CEE disbursed 1,801 home improvement loans totaling over $21 million. In recognition of CEE's integrity as an exemplary lender, the MN Housing Finance Agency annually recognizes CEE's loan officers among top producers of Fix Up loans. CEE's statewide and county loans make it more feasible for homeowners in Minnesota to make energy efficiency improvements and remodel their homes with low-interest financing. Thanks to strong partnerships with many cities, CEE offers several special loan, grant, and down payment assistance programs for Minnesotans. Throughout the state, CEE has improved residential and commercial properties through project financing for over 40 years. Aligned with CEE's mission, our loan programs promote energy efficiency and make improvements more manageable. Government partners benefit from CEE's efficient administration of their loan funds to meet specific community goals.

Expenses $2,096,919 · Revenue $2,460,337
RESEARCH: From field studies to data-driven analyses, CEE's research provides actionable insights to help reduce energy use, lower costs, and advance clean energy technologies. Current focus areas include heat pumps, envelope sealing, building energy codes, and efficient commercial refrigeration. In 2025, CEE managed 27 active research projects investigating a wide range of energy-related technologies, field-testing and reporting on 22 building technologies. With competitive funding from Minnesota's Department of Commerce, Division of Energy Resources, and utility partners, CEE investigates and identifies a wide range of cost-effective technologies and ideas. From homes to high-rises, CEE field-tests building systems and equipment, generating objective data on measured energy savings. Our nationally recognized research staff has published more than 100 technical papers on building and mechanical system performance. Having earned a reputation as a national expert on cold-climate heat pump technology for residential buildings, CEE is now helping to study heat pumps for commercial buildings as well. In 2025, we recruited 12 businesses to install and test high-performance HVAC rooftop units. And because insulation and air sealing are critical factors in energy use, in 2025 we tested continuous exterior insulation as a retrofit for single-family homes, a spray applied "aero-barrier" to tighten leaky homes, and a new method to air-seal crawlspaces. We also began a research project to reduce loads in commercial buildings, which tend to be harder to retrofit with insulation than residential buildings.

Expenses $2,231,489 · Revenue $1,358,723
PUBLIC POLICY SUPPORT AND DISSEMINATION: CEE advances clean energy policy at local, state, and national levels. Informed by research and real-world insights from program practitioners, CEE's policy work prioritizes equitable, realistic solutions and broad-based, non-partisan coalitions to advance policies with broad support to stand the test of time. In 2025, CEE successfully negotiated a new low-income weatherization fund paid by large data centers in Minnesota. CEE's collaborative efforts resulted in nation-leading legislation for a $2 million-$5 million annual fee on large data centers to fund low-income weatherization in Minnesota. Fees from two recently announced data centers will increase the state's federal low-income weatherization appropriation by approximately 50%. CEE also successfully established a new multi-factor utility performance incentive to advance efficiency policy goals. We built consensus to shift to a broader framework that encourages investments in insulation, air sealing, income-qualified programs, and electrification. Separately, CEE helped Minnesota to set an electric heating rate that is nearly 50% lower than Xcel Energy's winter electric rate. Every year, CEE engages communities, businesses, and individuals about better choices to reduce carbon emissions, save money, foster innovation, and improve equity. Aligned with our mission, we share our learning on a variety of energy-related topics to help inform and improve our field and people's lives. In 2025 CEE published 41 educational blog posts, 9 news releases, 16 reports or case studies, hundreds of social media posts on multiple platforms, and also contributed to about two-dozen traditional media news stories.

Expenses $564,547 · Revenue $409

As filed on the 2025 return.

Listed in Part VII

Christopher Duffrin

President

Total calculated

$281,151

From this org

$240,747

From related orgs

$0

Other

$40,404

Hours/week

50

Schedule J breakdown matched by us

Base

$240,747

Bonus

$0

Other

$0

Deferred

$19,547

Nontaxable benefits

$20,857

Filer's total

$281,151
Stephanie Haddad

Chief Operating Officer/Corporate Secretary

Total calculated

$210,956

From this org

$188,644

From related orgs

$0

Other

$22,312

Hours/week

50

Schedule J breakdown matched by us

Base

$188,644

Bonus

$0

Other

$0

Deferred

$13,198

Nontaxable benefits

$9,114

Filer's total

$210,956
Rebecca Schumacher

VP Community Energy Solutions

Total calculated

$207,809

From this org

$173,902

From related orgs

$0

Other

$33,907

Hours/week

50

Schedule J breakdown matched by us

Base

$173,902

Bonus

$0

Other

$0

Deferred

$13,062

Nontaxable benefits

$20,845

Filer's total

$207,809
Anthony Beman

Sales Strategy Manager

Total calculated

$207,461

From this org

$175,733

From related orgs

$0

Other

$31,728

Hours/week

50

Schedule J breakdown matched by us

Base

$113,304

Bonus

$62,429

Other

$0

Deferred

$11,257

Nontaxable benefits

$20,471

Filer's total

$207,461
Carl Nelson

VP Market Solutions

Total calculated

$206,637

From this org

$183,175

From related orgs

$0

Other

$23,462

Hours/week

50

Schedule J breakdown matched by us

Base

$183,175

Bonus

$0

Other

$0

Deferred

$14,351

Nontaxable benefits

$9,111

Filer's total

$206,637
Bradley Obermueller

Lighting Consultant

Total calculated

$202,851

From this org

$170,684

From related orgs

$0

Other

$32,167

Hours/week

50

Schedule J breakdown matched by us

Base

$100,906

Bonus

$69,778

Other

$0

Deferred

$11,732

Nontaxable benefits

$20,435

Filer's total

$202,851
Mark Rader

Lighting Consultant

Total calculated

$199,970

From this org

$167,421

From related orgs

$0

Other

$32,549

Hours/week

50

Schedule J breakdown matched by us

Base

$100,376

Bonus

$67,045

Other

$0

Deferred

$13,354

Nontaxable benefits

$19,195

Filer's total

$199,970
Doug Will

Chief Financial Officer

Total calculated

$192,829

From this org

$171,466

From related orgs

$0

Other

$21,363

Hours/week

50

Schedule J breakdown matched by us

Base

$171,466

Bonus

$0

Other

$0

Deferred

$11,393

Nontaxable benefits

$9,970

Filer's total

$192,829
David Bohac

Senior Engineer II

Total calculated

$188,060

From this org

$153,916

From related orgs

$0

Other

$34,144

Hours/week

50

Schedule J breakdown matched by us

Base

$153,916

Bonus

$0

Other

$0

Deferred

$16,367

Nontaxable benefits

$17,777

Filer's total

$188,060
Erik Ennen

Facilities Service Manager

Total calculated

$184,155

From this org

$152,946

From related orgs

$0

Other

$31,209

Hours/week

50

Schedule J breakdown matched by us

Base

$114,211

Bonus

$38,735

Other

$0

Deferred

$13,549

Nontaxable benefits

$17,660

Filer's total

$184,155
Amanda Novak

Board Chair

Total calculated

$0

Hours/week

2
LisaBeth Barajas

Vice Chair

Total calculated

$0

Hours/week

2
Nancy Tyra-Lukens

Treasurer

Total calculated

$0

Hours/week

2
Julia Donaldson

Director

Total calculated

$0

Hours/week

2
Thomas Garry

Director

Total calculated

$0

Hours/week

2
Jimmy Loyd

Director

Total calculated

$0

Hours/week

2
Pepe Wonosikou

Director

Total calculated

$0

Hours/week

2

Compensation is as filed in Part VII: reportable pay from this organization and from related organizations, other compensation, and hours per week. The total, marked calculated, is our sum of the three dollar columns, with a blank column counted as $0; the form itself has no total. On a Form 990-EZ the columns are Part IV's instead, and on a Form 990-PF Part VIII's — compensation, contributions to benefit plans, and expense account — and the total sums those. A Schedule J breakdown is as filed: base pay, bonus, other, deferred compensation and nontaxable benefits from this organization, with any from related organizations beside each, and the filer's own total. It is shown with the Part VII listing of the same name on the same return. The form gives no key between the two, so that pairing is ours, and is marked matched by us.

Schedule J

Answered yes

3 · Form 990 of other organizations
3 · Compensation survey or study
3 · Approval by the board or compensation committee
7 · Other non-fixed payments

Answered no

4a · Severance or change-of-control payment
4b · Supplemental nonqualified retirement plan
4c · Equity-based compensation arrangement
5a · Pay contingent on this organization's revenues
5b · Pay contingent on a related organization's revenues
6a · Pay contingent on this organization's net earnings
6b · Pay contingent on a related organization's net earnings
8 · Paid under the initial-contract exception

The filer's explanations (Part III)

Schedule J, Part I, Line 7: Certain positions are compensated based on energy savings generated.

Part I's answers as filed. A line not listed was left unanswered; on lines 1a and 3 that means the box was not checked.

Grants on this return

No itemized grants to organizations on this return.

Related organizations on this return

Schedule R Part II: tax-exempt organizations related to the filer by control. It does not record shared board members or money.

Center for Energy and Environment VEBA Health Savings Trust

501c9 · Fund benefits under the HRA plan · MN

Directly controlled by Center for Energy and Environment

Provenance

Return type: form_990
Tax year: 2025
Filed: 15 May 2026
IRS schema version: 2025v4.0
Source object: 202611469349301006

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