Skip to content
Nonprofiteer
← DOROT INC

Form 990 for tax year 2024

Filed by DOROT INC.

Totals

Total revenue
$10,946,328
Total expenses
$11,754,278
Contributions and grants received
$9,302,492
Grants paid
$0
Program service revenue
$0
Investment income
$1,651,903
Other revenue
-$8,067
Total assets, end of year
$32,066,658
Total liabilities, end of year
$844,145
Net assets or fund balances, end of year
$31,222,513
Program services expenses (Part IX)
$8,446,628
Management and general expenses
$1,841,897
Fundraising expenses
$1,465,753
Program service expenses (Part III)
$8,446,628

Program services were 71.9% of total expenses calculated — Part IX's program-services column over total expenses, both as filed.

Line items

Every line the filer filed in Parts VIII, IX and X, as filed and in filed order. Blank columns are left out, and the lines are not forced to add up to the totals above.

Revenue

Part VIII, the statement of revenue.

  • 1a · Federated campaigns

    $356,547

  • 1c · Fundraising events

    $422,099

  • 1e · Government grants (contributions)

    $159,092

  • 1f · All other contributions, gifts and grants

    $8,364,754

  • 1g · Noncash contributions included above

    $327,274

  • 3 · Investment income

    total $781,627 · excluded $781,627

  • 6a · Gross rents

    real property $1,650

  • 6b · Less rental expenses

    real property $0

  • 6c · Rental income or loss

    real property $1,650

  • 6d · Net rental income or loss

    total $1,650 · excluded $1,650

  • 7a · Gross sales of assets other than inventory

    securities $13,018,079

  • 7b · Less cost or other basis and sales expenses

    securities $12,147,803

  • 7c · Gain or loss

    securities $870,276

  • 7d · Net gain or loss

    total $870,276 · excluded $870,276

  • 8a · Fundraising events: gross income

    $54,900

  • 8a · Fundraising events: contributions included on line 1c

    $422,099

  • 8b · Fundraising events: direct expenses

    $93,004

  • 8c · Net income from fundraising events

    total -$38,104 · excluded -$38,104

  • 11a · Other revenue: AGENCY FEES

    total $28,387 · excluded $28,387

  • 11e · Other revenue, total

    $28,387

Functional expenses

Part IX, the statement of functional expenses.

  • 5 · Compensation of officers, directors and key employees

    total $1,543,951 · program services $1,162,944 · management and general $247,316 · fundraising $133,691

  • 7 · Other salaries and wages

    total $5,418,066 · program services $4,081,032 · management and general $867,883 · fundraising $469,151

  • 8 · Pension plan contributions

    total $132,142 · program services $99,533 · management and general $21,166 · fundraising $11,443

  • 9 · Other employee benefits

    total $558,820 · program services $420,918 · management and general $89,514 · fundraising $48,388

  • 10 · Payroll taxes

    total $583,100 · program services $439,206 · management and general $93,403 · fundraising $50,491

  • 11b · Fees: legal

    total $128,523 · program services $90,015 · management and general $38,508

  • 11c · Fees: accounting

    total $25,909 · management and general $25,909

  • 11e · Fees: professional fundraising services

    total $12,600 · fundraising $12,600

  • 11f · Fees: investment management

    total $95,910 · management and general $95,910

  • 11g · Fees: other

    total $1,325,327 · program services $859,358 · fundraising $465,969

  • 13 · Office expenses

    total $416,950 · program services $286,477 · management and general $22,244 · fundraising $108,229

  • 16 · Occupancy

    total $84,696 · program services $64,058 · management and general $13,396 · fundraising $7,242

  • 17 · Travel

    total $39,983 · program services $31,452 · management and general $6,584 · fundraising $1,947

  • 22 · Depreciation, depletion and amortization

    total $140,136 · program services $98,667 · management and general $20,593 · fundraising $20,876

  • 23 · Insurance

    total $239,245 · program services $180,206 · management and general $38,323 · fundraising $20,716

  • 24a · Other expenses: SUPPLIES & EQUIPMENT

    total $358,980 · program services $61,536 · management and general $236,009 · fundraising $61,435

  • 24b · Other expenses: CLIENT FOOD & DELIVERY

    total $291,919 · program services $291,888 · management and general $20 · fundraising $11

  • 24c · Other expenses: STAFF DEVELOPMENT & TRA

    total $172,832 · program services $154,161 · management and general $9,801 · fundraising $8,870

  • 24d · Other expenses: REPAIRS & MAINTENANCE

    total $85,452 · program services $64,474 · management and general $13,617 · fundraising $7,361

  • 24e · All other expenses

    total $99,737 · program services $60,703 · management and general $1,701 · fundraising $37,333

  • 26 · Joint costs (an allocation of the lines above)

    total $556,576 · program services $278,288 · management and general $27,829 · fundraising $250,459

Balance sheet

Part X, book values.

  • 1 · Cash, non-interest-bearing

    beginning of year $216,740 · end of year $275,854

  • 2 · Savings and temporary cash investments

    beginning of year $1,219,342 · end of year $448,900

  • 3 · Pledges and grants receivable

    beginning of year $2,898,207 · end of year $1,628,547

  • 4 · Accounts receivable

    beginning of year $8,622 · end of year $84,107

  • 9 · Prepaid expenses and deferred charges

    beginning of year $230,607 · end of year $200,954

  • 10a · Land, buildings and equipment: cost or other basis

    $9,649,511

  • 10b · Land, buildings and equipment: accumulated depreciation

    $7,925,023

  • 10c · Land, buildings and equipment, net

    beginning of year $1,633,741 · end of year $1,724,488

  • 11 · Investments: publicly traded securities

    beginning of year $25,104,685 · end of year $27,557,681

  • 15 · Other assets

    beginning of year $176,642 · end of year $146,127

  • 17 · Accounts payable and accrued expenses

    beginning of year $630,601 · end of year $620,155

  • 19 · Deferred revenue

    beginning of year $20,000 · end of year $24,606

  • 25 · Other liabilities

    beginning of year $247,608 · end of year $199,384

  • 27 · Net assets without donor restrictions

    beginning of year $18,913,977 · end of year $19,562,110

  • 28 · Net assets with donor restrictions

    beginning of year $11,676,400 · end of year $11,660,403

Mission and programs · 2024

Mission

DOROT ALLEVIATES SOCIAL ISOLATION AND LONELINESS AMONG OLDER ADULTS, BY ENGAGING VOLUNTEERS OF ALL AGES, AND PROVIDES SERVICES TO HELP THEM TO LIVE INDEPENDENTLY AS VALUED MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNITY.

  • COMMUNITY SERVICES ALLEVIATES SOCIAL ISOLATION AND BRINGS THE GENERATIONS TOGETHER THROUGH ENRICHING PROGRAMS. DOROT'S RESPONSE TEAM VOLUNTEER CORPS PROVIDES OLDER ADULTS WITH ONE-TIME SERVICES SUCH AS BIRTHDAY VISITS AND CALLS, HELPS WITH ERRANDS AND HOUSEHOLD TASKS SUCH AS RETURNING LIBRARY BOOKS, ORGANIZING PAPERWORK, AND TAKING NEIGHBORHOOD WALKS, THUS DECREASING SOCIAL ISOLATION AND OFFERING NEEDED ASSISTANCE. VOLUNTEERS SHARE OLDER ADULTS' CONCERNS WITH SOCIAL WORKERS SO THAT DOROT CAN CONNECT THEM TO RESOURCES AND PROFESSIONAL SUPPORT AND PROMOTE AGING IN PLACE. SEE SCHEDULE O FOR CONTINUATIONDOROT CONNECTIONS IN QUEENS OFFERED VIRTUAL AND IN-PERSON INTERGENERATIONAL AND SOCIAL ENGAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR OLDER ADULTS AND VOLUNTEERS LIVING IN NEW YORK CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT 06 TO CREATE COMMUNITY USING AN INTENSIVE OUTREACH RECRUITMENT AND COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP STRATEGY. LASTING IMPRESSIONS OFFERS SENIORS THE OPPORTUNITY TO CREATE THEIR LEGACY IN THE FORM OF AN ETHICAL WILL, MEMOIR, ART PROJECT OR VIDEO/AUDIO INTERVIEW; AND HELPS THOSE INTERESTED COMPOSE ADVANCE CARE PLANS. THROUGH FOUR ANNUAL PACKAGE DELIVERY PROGRAMS, VOLUNTEERS BRING PACKAGES OF HOLIDAY FOOD, TREATS, AND ESSENTIALS TO HOME-BASED OLDER ADULTS AND ENJOY A FRIENDLY VISIT EITHER OVER THE PHONE OR IN THE HOME. DOROT SOCIAL WORKERS FOLLOW-UP ON ANY UNMET NEEDS. AGING ALONETOGETHER IS A SIX-SESSION WORKSHOP SERIES THAT PROVIDES TOOLS, STRATEGIES, AND SUPPORT FOR ADULTS WHO IDENTIFY AS SOLO AGERS: INDIVIDUALS WHO, BY CHOICE OR CIRCUMSTANCE, FUNCTION WITHOUT THE SUPPORT SYSTEM TRADITIONALLY PROVIDED BY FAMILY. BRINGING THE GENERATIONS TOGETHER IS A HIGH PRIORITY FOR DOROT AND A WIDE RANGE OF INTERGENERATIONAL PROGRAMS ARE OFFERED THAT BRING OLDER ADULTS AND VOLUNTEERS TOGETHER TO FORM LASTING RELATIONSHIPS. KEY PROGRAMS INCLUDE OUR TEEN AND COLLEGE INTERNSHIP PROGRAMS, FAMILY VOLUNTEERING, ART, MUSIC, CHESS AND CURRENT EVENTS WORKSHOPS. GENUINE CONNECTIONS IS AN EXCLUSIVELY ONLINE SPACE FOR SENIORS AND TEENS TO BUILD INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNITY THROUGH WORTHWHILE CONVERSATION AND FUN ACTIVITIES WITHIN SMALL AND CONSISTENT GROUPS. THE COMBINATION OF SUPPORTIVE COMMUNITY, PERSONAL STORYTELLING, AND REFLECTION CREATES AN ATMOSPHERE IN WHICH MEANINGFUL INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS FORM AND GROW. DURING 2025, OVER 8,215 COMPASSIONATE VOLUNTEERS PROVIDED OLDER ADULTS WITH A RANGE OF SERVICES AND SOCIAL INTERACTION.

    Expenses $3,344,978

  • SOCIALIZATION SERVICES CONNECT OLDER ADULTS TO PEERS AND YOUNGER GENERATIONS TO ENHANCE QUALITY OF LIFE, REDUCE SOCIAL ISOLATION, AND CREATE LARGER COMMUNITY BONDS. DOROT'S FRIENDLY VISITING PROGRAM MATCHES COMPASSIONATE VOLUNTEERS WITH OLDER ADULTS FOR WEEKLY/MONTHLY MEETINGS AND CONVERSATIONS AT HOME OR VIRTUALLY. SOCIAL WORKERS SUPPORT OLDER ADULT-VOLUNTEER MATCHES THROUGHOUT THEIR RELATIONSHIP, PROVIDING GUIDANCE AND REFERRALS TO OTHER SERVICES. DOROT RUNS A WIDE RANGE OF ONLINE GROUP OFFERINGS THROUGH ONSITE AT HOME, INCLUDING HEALTH, WELLNESS, AND EXERCISE; CURRENT EVENTS CLASSES; AND ARTS AND CULTURAL PROGRAMMING. SEE SCHEDULE O FOR CONTINUATIONTHROUGH LONGSTANDING SYNAGOGUE PARTNERSHIPS, DOROT SOCIAL WORKERS SUPPORT OLDER CONGREGANTS, GUIDE CAREGIVERS, INSPIRE AN ETHIC OF VOLUNTEERISM, AND ADVISE PASTORAL STAFF ABOUT RESOURCES FOR THE AGING. DOROT'S HOLOCAUST INITIATIVE PROVIDES PROGRAMMING AND SERVICES TO HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS AND CHILDREN OF HOLOCAUST SURVIVORS (2GS). DOROT STAFF IS TRAINED IN THE FUNDAMENTALS OF A PERSON-CENTERED TRAUMA-INFORMED (PCTI) CARE APPROACH IN DEVELOPING PROGRAMS FOR AND ASSISTING OLDER ADULTS WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED TRAUMA. DOROT WESTCHESTER OFFERS VOLUNTEER VISITING, ONSITE EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL PROGRAMMING TO OLDER ADULT WESTCHESTER RESIDENTS. DOROT STAFF ATTEND CONFERENCES TO SHARE BEST PRACTICES AND DOROT'S MODEL AND LEARNINGS AROUND CREATING MEANINGFUL INTERGENERATIONAL PROGRAMMING THAT ALLEVIATES SOCIAL ISOLATION AMONG OLDER ADULTS.

    Expenses $2,626,145

  • EDUCATION SERVICES ALLEVIATE ISOLATION BY ENABLING OLDER ADULTS AND CAREGIVERS TO PARTICIPATE IN CLASSES AND SUPPORT GROUPS. UNIVERSITY WITHOUT WALLS OFFERS EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL COURSES, SUPPORT GROUPS, AND HOLIDAY CELEBRATIONS VIA TELECONFERENCE TO OLDER ADULTS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY. RUSSIAN UNIVERSITY WITHOUT WALLS OFFERS RUSSIAN-SPEAKING OLDER ADULTS CONTINUING EDUCATION AND ESL CLASSES THROUGH TELECONFERENCE, EASING LONELINESS AND ISOLATION, AND HELPING THEM INTEGRATE INTO AMERICAN LIFE. TRAINED VOLUNTEERS OFFER ONE-ON-ONE ASSISTANCE TO LATE TECHNOLOGY ADOPTERS TO HELP THEM MASTER COMPUTER SKILLS THROUGH TECH COACHING. SEE SCHEDULE O FOR CONTINUATIONTECH COACHES TEACH OLDER ADULTS HOW TO CONNECT WITH FAMILY AND FRIENDS VIRTUALLY, PARTICIPATE IN ONLINE CLASSES, AND ACCESS ESSENTIAL SERVICES OVER THE INTERNET. FAMILIES CAN DOWNLOAD TECHNOLOGY GUIDES FROM THE DOROT WEBSITE TO HELP TEACH PARENTS AND GRANDPARENTS TO USE A LAPTOP, SMARTPHONE, AND OTHER DEVICES. THROUGH INFORMATION AND REFERRAL, DOROT STAFF PROVIDE GUIDANCE TO SENIORS, CAREGIVERS, AND PROFESSIONALS ABOUT AVAILABLE SERVICES AT DOROT, AND IN NEW YORK CITY AND BEYOND.

    Expenses $1,337,322

  • CONCRETE SERVICES HELP OLDER ADULTS LIVE INDEPENDENTLY IN THE COMMUNITY. KOSHER MEALS AT HOME (KMH) DELIVERS WEEKLY NUTRITIOUS FROZEN KOSHER MEALS TO HOME-BASED OLDER ADULTS WHO HAVE DIFFICULTY SHOPPING OR COOKING. THE KMH COORDINATOR AND SOCIAL WORK INTERNS ENSURE PARTICIPANTS' NEEDS ARE MET BY PROVIDING CRITICAL, LIFE-ENHANCING CASE ASSISTANCE. WE DELIVER EMERGENCY MEALS UPON DISCHARGE FROM THE HOSPITAL OR THE UNEXPECTED ABSENCE OF A CAREGIVER. FESTIVE HOLIDAY MEALS ARE ALSO PROVIDED. VOLUNTEERS OF ALL AGES CREATE HANDMADE CARDS TO SEND TO OLDER ADULTS TO CELEBRATE THEIR BIRTHDAYS AND HOLIDAYS.

    Expenses $1,138,183

As filed on the 2024 return. The filer continues this part on Schedule O, which is not shown here.

Listed in Part VII

  • Mark Meridy

    EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $423,374
    From this org
    $338,539
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $84,835
    Hours/week
    35

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $338,539
    Bonus
    $0
    Other
    $0
    Deferred
    $47,300
    Nontaxable benefits
    $37,535
    Filer's total
    $423,374
  • Ellen Marram

    PRESIDENT

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    4
  • Harriet Shaiman

    VICE-PRESIDENT

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    4
  • Mitchell Berkey

    VICE-PRESIDENT

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    4
  • Helaine Suval Beckerman

    VICE-PRESIDENT

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    4
  • Elissa Fishman

    TREASURER

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    4
  • Josh Targoff

    SECRETARY

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    4
  • Renee Adler Ascher

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    2
  • Marian Faytell

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    2
  • Elyssa Friedland

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    2
  • Judith Fryer

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    2
  • Jack Hattem

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    2
  • Ethan Horwitz

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    2
  • Marcie Imberman

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    2
  • Donna Jakubovitz

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    2
  • Barbara Matas

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    2
  • Zachary Neugut

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    2
  • Matt Novack

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    2
  • Jennifer Perkins

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    2
  • Joyce Silberstang

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    2
  • Doris Ullendorff

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    2
  • Ann Wimpfheimer

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    2
  • Brian Doppelt

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    2
  • Alan Laytner

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    2
  • Andrew Pardo

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    2
  • Sara Turken

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    2
  • Dorothy Hellmer

    CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

    Total calculated
    $282,892
    From this org
    $239,398
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $43,494
    Hours/week
    35

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $239,398
    Bonus
    $0
    Other
    $0
    Deferred
    $12,702
    Nontaxable benefits
    $30,792
    Filer's total
    $282,892
  • Alison Hodin-Baier

    CHIEF PROGRAM OFFICER

    Total calculated
    $261,234
    From this org
    $250,984
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $10,250
    Hours/week
    35

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $250,984
    Bonus
    $0
    Other
    $0
    Deferred
    $10,200
    Nontaxable benefits
    $50
    Filer's total
    $261,234
  • Linda Paul

    CHIEF PEOPLE & CULTURE OFFICER

    Total calculated
    $240,719
    From this org
    $196,624
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $44,095
    Hours/week
    35

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $196,624
    Bonus
    $0
    Other
    $0
    Deferred
    $0
    Nontaxable benefits
    $44,095
    Filer's total
    $240,719
  • Jenny Notis-Lyss

    CHIEF ADVANCEMENT OFFICER

    Total calculated
    $266,619
    From this org
    $244,236
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $22,383
    Hours/week
    35

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $244,236
    Bonus
    $0
    Other
    $0
    Deferred
    $3,813
    Nontaxable benefits
    $18,570
    Filer's total
    $266,619
  • Judith Turner

    SENIOR PROGRAM OFFICER

    Total calculated
    $161,062
    From this org
    $153,116
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $7,946
    Hours/week
    35

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $153,116
    Bonus
    $0
    Other
    $0
    Deferred
    $7,896
    Nontaxable benefits
    $50
    Filer's total
    $161,062
  • Julia Kessler-Hollar

    SENIOR PROGRAM OFFICER

    Total calculated
    $150,719
    From this org
    $139,878
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $10,841
    Hours/week
    35

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $139,878
    Bonus
    $0
    Other
    $0
    Deferred
    $0
    Nontaxable benefits
    $10,841
    Filer's total
    $150,719
  • Sindy Lugerner

    DIRECTOR OF DEVELOPMENT

    Total calculated
    $152,550
    From this org
    $152,500
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $50
    Hours/week
    35

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $152,500
    Bonus
    $0
    Other
    $0
    Deferred
    $0
    Nontaxable benefits
    $50
    Filer's total
    $152,550
  • Richard Chamama

    DIRECTOR OF FINANCE(TO 9/6/24)

    Total calculated
    $207,834
    From this org
    $182,146
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $25,688
    Hours/week
    35

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $99,963
    Bonus
    $0
    Other
    $82,183
    Deferred
    $4,783
    Nontaxable benefits
    $20,905
    Filer's total
    $207,834
  • Judy Logan

    DIRECTOR OF HR (TO 8/2/24)

    Total calculated
    $157,341
    From this org
    $143,945
    From related orgs
    $0
    Other
    $13,396
    Hours/week
    35

    Schedule J breakdown matched by us

    Base
    $92,206
    Bonus
    $0
    Other
    $51,739
    Deferred
    $4,160
    Nontaxable benefits
    $9,236
    Filer's total
    $157,341

Compensation is as filed in Part VII: reportable pay from this organization and from related organizations, other compensation, and hours per week. The total, marked calculated, is our sum of the three dollar columns, with a blank column counted as $0; the form itself has no total. On a Form 990-EZ the columns are Part IV's instead, and on a Form 990-PF Part VIII's — compensation, contributions to benefit plans, and expense account — and the total sums those. A Schedule J breakdown is as filed: base pay, bonus, other, deferred compensation and nontaxable benefits from this organization, with any from related organizations beside each, and the filer's own total. It is shown with the Part VII listing of the same name on the same return. The form gives no key between the two, so that pairing is ours, and is marked matched by us.

Schedule J

Answered yes

  • 3 · Compensation committee
  • 3 · Form 990 of other organizations
  • 3 · Approval by the board or compensation committee
  • 4a · Severance or change-of-control payment
  • 4b · Supplemental nonqualified retirement plan

Answered no

  • 4c · Equity-based compensation arrangement
  • 5a · Pay contingent on this organization's revenues
  • 5b · Pay contingent on a related organization's revenues
  • 6a · Pay contingent on this organization's net earnings
  • 6b · Pay contingent on a related organization's net earnings
  • 7 · Other non-fixed payments
  • 8 · Paid under the initial-contract exception

The filer's explanations (Part III)

PART I, LINES 4A-B
THE FOLLOWING INDIVIDUAL WAS COVERED UNDER A NONQUALIFIED DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN: MARK MERIDY - $30,000 CERTAIN EXECUTIVES RECEIVED SEPARATION PAYMENTS FROM THE ORGANIZATION AND SUCH PAYMENTS ARE DISCLOSED IN SCHEDULE J, PART II, COLUMN B(III).

Part I's answers as filed. A line not listed was left unanswered; on lines 1a and 3 that means the box was not checked.

Grants on this return

No itemized grants to organizations on this return.

Provenance

Return type
form_990
Tax year
2024
Filed
14 April 2026
IRS schema version
2024v5.5
Source object
202611069349300126

Check it against the return as filed: the GivingTuesday Data Lake hosts a public copy of the original XML.

The source document this was parsed from is served over the API, which is where bulk and document access live.