Form 990 for tax year 2024
Filed by THE FOUNDATION FOR AIDS RESEARCH.
Totals
- Total revenue
- $34,783,944
- Total expenses
- $33,341,549
- Contributions and grants received
- $48,171,885
- Grants paid
- $6,385,611
- Program service revenue
- $0
- Investment income
- $1,647,098
- Other revenue
- -$15,035,039
- Total assets, end of year
- $57,990,840
- Total liabilities, end of year
- $20,919,426
- Net assets or fund balances, end of year
- $37,071,414
- Program services expenses (Part IX)
- $24,111,935
- Management and general expenses
- $2,929,129
- Fundraising expenses
- $6,300,485
- Program service expenses (Part III)
- $24,111,935
Program services were 72.3% of total expenses calculated — Part IX's program-services column over total expenses, both as filed.
Line items
Every line the filer filed in Parts VIII, IX and X, as filed and in filed order. Blank columns are left out, and the lines are not forced to add up to the totals above.
Revenue
Part VIII, the statement of revenue.
-
1a · Federated campaigns
$73,423
-
1c · Fundraising events
$29,733,448
-
1e · Government grants (contributions)
$10,086,808
-
1f · All other contributions, gifts and grants
$8,278,206
-
1g · Noncash contributions included above
$423,536
-
3 · Investment income
total $1,204,687 · excluded $1,204,687
-
5 · Royalties
total $50,122 · excluded $50,122
-
6a · Gross rents
real property $85,460
-
6b · Less rental expenses
real property $0
-
6c · Rental income or loss
real property $85,460
-
6d · Net rental income or loss
total $85,460 · excluded $85,460
-
7a · Gross sales of assets other than inventory
securities $6,412,661 · other assets $33,000
-
7b · Less cost or other basis and sales expenses
securities $5,963,901 · other assets $39,349
-
7c · Gain or loss
securities $448,760 · other assets -$6,349
-
7d · Net gain or loss
total $442,411 · excluded $442,411
-
8a · Fundraising events: gross income
$1,124,500
-
8a · Fundraising events: contributions included on line 1c
$29,733,448
-
8b · Fundraising events: direct expenses
$16,304,670
-
8c · Net income from fundraising events
total -$15,180,170 · excluded -$15,180,170
-
9a · Gaming: gross income
$3,030
-
9b · Gaming: direct expenses
$0
-
9c · Net income from gaming
total $3,030 · excluded $3,030
-
10a · Gross sales of inventory
$6,609
-
10b · Cost of goods sold
$477
-
10c · Net income from sales of inventory
total $6,132 · related or exempt $6,132
-
11a · Other revenue: MISCELLANEOUS INCOME
total $387 · excluded $387
-
11e · Other revenue, total
$387
Functional expenses
Part IX, the statement of functional expenses.
-
1 · Grants to domestic organizations and governments
total $2,458,236 · program services $2,458,236
-
3 · Grants to foreign organizations and individuals
total $3,927,375 · program services $3,927,375
-
5 · Compensation of officers, directors and key employees
total $3,227,862 · program services $2,254,592 · management and general $433,409 · fundraising $539,861
-
7 · Other salaries and wages
total $5,832,188 · program services $3,731,243 · management and general $629,084 · fundraising $1,471,861
-
8 · Pension plan contributions
total $370,930 · program services $228,891 · management and general $64,869 · fundraising $77,170
-
9 · Other employee benefits
total $2,070,570 · program services $1,296,701 · management and general $344,059 · fundraising $429,810
-
10 · Payroll taxes
total $570,431 · program services $357,000 · management and general $71,718 · fundraising $141,713
-
11b · Fees: legal
total $70,884 · program services $64,706 · management and general $6,146 · fundraising $32
-
11c · Fees: accounting
total $151,087 · management and general $151,087
-
11e · Fees: professional fundraising services
total $437,122 · fundraising $437,122
-
11f · Fees: investment management
total $189,622 · management and general $189,622
-
11g · Fees: other
total $1,582,161 · program services $500,471 · management and general $285,737 · fundraising $795,953
-
12 · Advertising and promotion
total $220,590 · program services $133,489 · management and general $4,470 · fundraising $82,631
-
13 · Office expenses
total $54,669 · program services $41,401 · management and general $10,138 · fundraising $3,130
-
14 · Information technology
total $215,959 · program services $142,195 · management and general $30,416 · fundraising $43,348
-
16 · Occupancy
total $1,670,454 · program services $1,098,793 · management and general $239,435 · fundraising $332,226
-
17 · Travel
total $1,212,853 · program services $373,067 · management and general $3,640 · fundraising $836,146
-
19 · Conferences, conventions and meetings
total $457,085 · program services $444,076 · management and general $11,778 · fundraising $1,231
-
20 · Interest
total $39,906 · program services $26,249 · management and general $5,720 · fundraising $7,937
-
22 · Depreciation, depletion and amortization
total $497,306 · program services $327,119 · management and general $71,281 · fundraising $98,906
-
23 · Insurance
total $223,073 · program services $146,733 · management and general $31,974 · fundraising $44,366
-
24a · Other expenses: PROGRAM MATERIALS
total $5,052,954 · program services $5,052,954
-
24b · Other expenses: SUBSCRIPTION & DUES
total $563,322 · program services $376,685 · management and general $75,887 · fundraising $110,750
-
24c · Other expenses: PROGRAM TECHNICAL SUPPO
total $528,383 · program services $528,383
-
24d · Other expenses: INTERNET ACCESS
total $417,364 · program services $92,119 · management and general $19,963 · fundraising $305,282
-
24e · All other expenses
total $1,299,163 · program services $509,457 · management and general $248,696 · fundraising $541,010
Balance sheet
Part X, book values.
-
1 · Cash, non-interest-bearing
beginning of year $1,914,515 · end of year $2,741,510
-
2 · Savings and temporary cash investments
beginning of year $1,128,104 · end of year $1,514,582
-
3 · Pledges and grants receivable
beginning of year $70,732 · end of year $534,613
-
4 · Accounts receivable
beginning of year $5,146,670 · end of year $6,877,850
-
8 · Inventories for sale or use
beginning of year $92,130 · end of year $90,975
-
9 · Prepaid expenses and deferred charges
beginning of year $1,763,416 · end of year $1,957,091
-
10a · Land, buildings and equipment: cost or other basis
$7,945,073
-
10b · Land, buildings and equipment: accumulated depreciation
$6,229,173
-
10c · Land, buildings and equipment, net
beginning of year $2,062,644 · end of year $1,715,900
-
11 · Investments: publicly traded securities
beginning of year $36,477,231 · end of year $38,724,426
-
15 · Other assets
beginning of year $4,698,590 · end of year $3,833,893
-
17 · Accounts payable and accrued expenses
beginning of year $6,125,286 · end of year $7,545,620
-
18 · Grants payable
beginning of year $32,446 · end of year $861,093
-
19 · Deferred revenue
beginning of year $6,592,061 · end of year $8,057,123
-
21 · Escrow or custodial account liability
beginning of year $18,000 · end of year $0
-
23 · Secured mortgages and notes payable
beginning of year $1,398,459 · end of year $0
-
25 · Other liabilities
beginning of year $5,374,174 · end of year $4,455,590
-
27 · Net assets without donor restrictions
beginning of year $31,263,900 · end of year $33,384,965
-
28 · Net assets with donor restrictions
beginning of year $2,549,706 · end of year $3,686,449
Mission and programs · 2024
Mission
SEE SCHEDULE O
Activities or mission (Part I)
AMFAR IS DEDICATED TO ENDING THE GLOBAL AIDS EPIDEMIC THROUGH INNOVATIVE RESEARCH. (SEE SCHEDULE O)
-
AS A LEADING NONPROFIT, AMFAR ADVANCES SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY TO IMPROVE GLOBAL HEALTH, WITH A PRIMARY AND ENDURING COMMITMENT TO ENDING THE HIV/AIDS EPIDEMIC. SERVING AS A CATALYST FOR BREAKTHROUGH SCIENCE, AMFAR SUPPORTS INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN AREAS WHERE VIRUSES AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM PLAY A DEFINING ROLE, INCLUDING CANCER, NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS, AGING, AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS, AND OTHER VIRAL DISEASES. FOR FURTHER DETAILS, SEE SCHEULE O.
Expenses $12,787,908 · Grants $3,706,225 · Revenue $6,132
-
Withheld by Nonprofiteer: this text may name a private individual.
Expenses $6,141,063 · Grants $2,649,385
-
PUBLIC INFORMATIONAMFAR TRANSLATES AND DISSEMINATES INFORMATION ON IMPORTANT HIV-RELATED RESEARCH, TREATMENT, PREVENTION, AND POLICY ISSUES FOR DIVERSE AUDIENCES TO INCREASE AWARENESS AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE PANDEMIC. AMFAR PUBLISHES A WIDE RANGE OF EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS, MAINTAINS AN INFORMATIVE WEBSITE, WORKS CLOSELY WITH THE MEDIA TO RAISE THE PROFILE OF HIV/AIDS, BOTH DOMESTICALLY AND INTERNATIONALLY, AND TO HELP ENSURE THE ACCURACY OF HIV-RELATED PRESS COVERAGE, AND ENGAGES RESPECTED PUBLIC FIGURES, SCIENTISTS, AND POLICYMAKERS IN COMMUNICATING THE NEED FOR CONTINUED RESEARCH TO DEVELOP NEW METHODS OF PREVENTION AND TREATMENT, AND A CURE FOR HIV. RAISING HIV AWARENESS ACROSS PLATFORMSAMFAR FREQUENTLY SPOTLIGHTS INFORMATION ABOUT HIV AND OTHER HEALTH CHALLENGES ACROSS DIFFERENT PLATFORMS TO REACH DIVERSE AUDIENCES.AMFAR PRODUCES PERIODICALS IN BOTH PRINT AND DIGITAL FORMATS, INCLUDING ITS NEWSLETTER, INNOVATIONS, DISTRIBUTED TO ABOUT 15,500 PEOPLE, AND A MONTHLY E-MAIL NEWSLETTER, INSIGHTS, DISTRIBUTED TO APPROXIMATELY 24,500 RECIPIENTS. THE FOUNDATION'S WEBSITEWWW.AMFAR.ORGFEATURES NEWS, INTERVIEWS, AND ORIGINAL ARTICLES COVERING HIV RESEARCH, POLICY, THE GLOBAL EPIDEMIC, AND AMFAR PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES. THE WEBSITE ATTRACTS AN AVERAGE OF 27,433 MONTHLY VISITS. AMFAR CREATES AND DISTRIBUTES REPORTS, PRESS RELEASES, AND UPDATES ON MAJOR HIV/AIDS ISSUES AND CONDUCTS PUBLIC SERVICE ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS THAT HAVE BEEN INSTRUMENTAL IN EDUCATING POLICYMAKERS, HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS, PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS, AND THE PUBLIC. AMFAR'S PUBLIC INFORMATION TEAM ALSO WORKS CLOSELY WITH THE PUBLIC POLICY OFFICE AND TREAT ASIA STAFF (SEE ABOVE) TO PRODUCE A WIDE RANGE OF ISSUE BRIEFS, FACTS SHEETS, INFOGRAPHICS, AND REPORTS.FOR WORLD AIDS DAY 2024, AMFAR PARTNERED WITH MAC VIVA GLAM TO HOST A RECEPTION AND PANEL DISCUSSION TITLED "HIV/AIDS: HOW WE CAN ALL RISE TO THE CHALLENGE" ON DECEMBER 4, 2024, IN NEW YORK CITY. THE MODERATED DISCUSSION COVERED HIV CURE RESEARCH, STIGMA, AND THE ROLE OF YOUNGER PEOPLE IN ADVOCACY EFFORTS. PANELISTS INCLUDED AMFAR'S NEWLY APPOINTED VICE PRESIDENT OF RESEARCH, ANDREA GRAMATICA, PHD; ROBERT PITTS, MD, MEDICAL DIRECTOR, HIV PREVENTION AND PRIDE CENTER AT NYC HEALTH + HOSPITALS/BELLEVUE; AND KIARA ST. JAMES, CO-FOUNDER AND EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF NEW YORK TRANSGENDER ADVOCACY GROUP.THROUGHOUT THE YEAR, AMFAR ROLLED OUT A SOCIAL MEDIA CAMPAIGN, FACTS FOR LIFE, THAT EDUCATED FOLLOWERS ABOUT A RANGE OF HIV-RELATED TOPICS: RESEARCH, TREATMENT, TRANSMISSION RISK, PREP AND OTHER PREVENTION TOOLS, AND CURE RESEARCH, AMONG OTHERS. IN JUNE 2025, AMFAR EXHIBITED AT THE 29TH ANNUAL BROOKLYN PRIDE MULTICULTURAL FESTIVAL IN BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, TO HELP RAISE AWARENESS ABOUT HIV/AIDS AND THE VITAL WORK THE ORGANIZATION DOES.
Expenses $3,219,765
-
Withheld by Nonprofiteer: this text may name a private individual.
Expenses $1,963,199 · Grants $30,001
As filed on the 2024 return. The filer continues this part on Schedule O, which is not shown here. A text marked withheld matched a screen for wording that may name a private individual, such as an honorific or "in memory of". Most of what it withholds names no one; it is withheld so that what does is never shown.
Listed in Part VII
-
T Ryan GreenwaltT RYAN GREENWALT
CO-CHAIR
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1
-
Kevin McClatchyKEVIN MCCLATCHY
CO-CHAIR
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1
-
Robert L Traynham IIROBERT L TRAYNHAM II
SECRETARY
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1
-
Donald DyeDONALD DYE
TREASURER, THRU MARCH 2025
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1
-
Jeffrey SchoenfeldJEFFREY SCHOENFELD
TREASURER
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1
-
Amy AndelsonAMY ANDELSON
TRUSTEE
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1
-
Glen IsaacsonGLEN ISAACSON
TRUSTEE
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1
-
Michael LorberMICHAEL LORBER
TRUSTEE
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1
-
Anthony MancillaANTHONY MANCILLA
TRUSTEE
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1
-
Aron MarquezARON MARQUEZ
TRUSTEE
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1
-
Larry MilsteinLARRY MILSTEIN
TRUSTEE
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1
-
Cindy RachofskyCINDY RACHOFSKY
TRUSTEE
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1
-
Vincent A RobertiVINCENT A ROBERTI
TRUSTEE
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1
-
Merv SilvermanMERV SILVERMAN
TRUSTEE
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1
-
Phill WilsonPHILL WILSON
TRUSTEE
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1
-
Kevin FrostKEVIN FROST
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER
- Total calculated
- $677,567
- From this org
- $543,683
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $133,884
- Hours/week
- 40
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $482,360
- Bonus
- $25,000
- Other
- $36,323
- Deferred
- $47,150
- Nontaxable benefits
- $86,734
- Filer's total
- $677,567
-
Bradley Jensen AssistantBRADLEY JENSEN ASSISTANT
TREASURER/CFO, THRU JULY 2025
- Total calculated
- $467,806
- From this org
- $376,610
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $91,196
- Hours/week
- 40
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $376,610
- Bonus
- $0
- Other
- $0
- Deferred
- $24,150
- Nontaxable benefits
- $67,046
- Filer's total
- $467,806
-
Sebastian GheithSEBASTIAN GHEITH
GENERAL COUNSEL, ASST SECRETARY
- Total calculated
- $303,473
- From this org
- $201,976
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $101,497
- Hours/week
- 40
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $201,976
- Bonus
- $0
- Other
- $0
- Deferred
- $14,763
- Nontaxable benefits
- $86,734
- Filer's total
- $303,473
-
Shawn Davidson ChiefSHAWN DAVIDSON CHIEF
FINANCIAL AND OPERATING OFFICER
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 40
-
Shkendije KabaSHKENDIJE KABA
ASSISTANT TREASURER, CONTROLLER
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 40
-
Ronald Kirk Assistant TreasurerRONALD KIRK ASSISTANT TREASURER
CONTROLLER, THRU JUNE 2025
- Total calculated
- $232,879
- From this org
- $191,077
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $41,802
- Hours/week
- 40
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $191,077
- Bonus
- $0
- Other
- $0
- Deferred
- $13,642
- Nontaxable benefits
- $28,160
- Filer's total
- $232,879
-
Kyle CliffordKYLE CLIFFORD
VICE PRESIDENT OF DEVELOPMENT
- Total calculated
- $380,255
- From this org
- $292,133
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $88,122
- Hours/week
- 40
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $292,133
- Bonus
- $0
- Other
- $0
- Deferred
- $21,076
- Nontaxable benefits
- $67,046
- Filer's total
- $380,255
-
Annette SohnANNETTE SOHN
VICE PRESIDENT, TREAT ASIA
- Total calculated
- $312,445
- From this org
- $282,080
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $30,365
- Hours/week
- 40
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $282,080
- Bonus
- $0
- Other
- $0
- Deferred
- $19,750
- Nontaxable benefits
- $10,615
- Filer's total
- $312,445
-
Gregorio MilletGREGORIO MILLET
VICE PRESIDENT, PUBLIC POLICY
- Total calculated
- $416,078
- From this org
- $325,758
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $90,320
- Hours/week
- 40
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $325,758
- Bonus
- $0
- Other
- $0
- Deferred
- $23,274
- Nontaxable benefits
- $67,046
- Filer's total
- $416,078
-
Anthony AnconaANTHONY ANCONA
VICE PRESIDENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES
- Total calculated
- $293,691
- From this org
- $211,292
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $82,399
- Hours/week
- 40
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $211,292
- Bonus
- $0
- Other
- $0
- Deferred
- $15,353
- Nontaxable benefits
- $67,046
- Filer's total
- $293,691
-
Andrew McInnesANDREW MCINNES
DIRECTOR, PUBLICATIONS
- Total calculated
- $279,071
- From this org
- $197,892
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $81,179
- Hours/week
- 40
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $197,892
- Bonus
- $0
- Other
- $0
- Deferred
- $14,133
- Nontaxable benefits
- $67,046
- Filer's total
- $279,071
-
Emma KosturaEMMA KOSTURA
DIRECTOR, PHILANTHROPY
- Total calculated
- $218,853
- From this org
- $142,196
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $76,657
- Hours/week
- 40
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $142,196
- Bonus
- $0
- Other
- $0
- Deferred
- $4,159
- Nontaxable benefits
- $72,498
- Filer's total
- $218,853
-
Christopher FrederickCHRISTOPHER FREDERICK
SPECIAL EVENTS DIRECTOR
- Total calculated
- $264,813
- From this org
- $196,451
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $68,362
- Hours/week
- 40
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $196,451
- Bonus
- $0
- Other
- $0
- Deferred
- $14,083
- Nontaxable benefits
- $54,279
- Filer's total
- $264,813
-
Bennah SerfatyBENNAH SERFATY
SENIOR DIRECTOR OF COMMUNICATIONS
- Total calculated
- $251,086
- From this org
- $153,102
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $97,984
- Hours/week
- 40
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $153,102
- Bonus
- $0
- Other
- $0
- Deferred
- $11,250
- Nontaxable benefits
- $86,734
- Filer's total
- $251,086
-
James Shakleford FormerJAMES SHAKLEFORD FORMER
VP OF PUBLIC INFORMATION
- Total calculated
- $193,251
- From this org
- $163,552
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $29,699
- Hours/week
- 0
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $163,552
- Bonus
- $0
- Other
- $0
- Deferred
- $11,211
- Nontaxable benefits
- $18,488
- Filer's total
- $193,251
Compensation is as filed in Part VII: reportable pay from this organization and from related organizations, other compensation, and hours per week. The total, marked calculated, is our sum of the three dollar columns, with a blank column counted as $0; the form itself has no total. On a Form 990-EZ the columns are Part IV's instead, and on a Form 990-PF Part VIII's — compensation, contributions to benefit plans, and expense account — and the total sums those. A Schedule J breakdown is as filed: base pay, bonus, other, deferred compensation and nontaxable benefits from this organization, with any from related organizations beside each, and the filer's own total. It is shown with the Part VII listing of the same name on the same return. The form gives no key between the two, so that pairing is ours, and is marked matched by us.
Schedule J
Answered yes
- 3 · Compensation committee
- 3 · Independent compensation consultant
- 3 · Compensation survey or study
- 3 · Approval by the board or compensation committee
- 4b · Supplemental nonqualified retirement plan
- 7 · Other non-fixed payments
Answered no
- 4a · Severance or change-of-control payment
- 4c · Equity-based compensation arrangement
- 5a · Pay contingent on this organization's revenues
- 5b · Pay contingent on a related organization's revenues
- 6a · Pay contingent on this organization's net earnings
- 6b · Pay contingent on a related organization's net earnings
- 8 · Paid under the initial-contract exception
The filer's explanations (Part III)
- PART I, LINE 4B
- CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, KEVIN FROST, PARTICIPATED IN A SUPPLEMENTAL NON-QUALIFIED RETIREMENT PLAN. IN CALENDAR YEAR 2024, AMFAR CONTRIBUTED $36,323 INTO MR. FROST'S NON-QUALIFIED RETIREMENT PLAN. THIS AMOUNT IS NOT REPORTED IN SCHEDULE J, PART II, COLUMN (C) BECAUSE THE CONTRIBUTION AMOUNT WAS DISTRIBUTED TO MR. FROST WITHIN THE SAME CALENDAR YEAR. INCLUDED IN SCHEDULE J, COLUMN (B) (III) IS MR. FROST'S 2024 EMPLOYER-FUNDED 457(F) CONTRIBUTION OF $36,323.
- PART I, LINE 7
- THE ORGANIZATION PAID BOARD APPROVED DISCRETIONARY BONUSES TO CERTAIN INDIVIDUALS LISTED IN PART II AS REPORTED IN COLUMN B(II) FOR THE APPLICABLE INDIVIDUALS.
Part I's answers as filed. A line not listed was left unanswered; on lines 1a and 3 that means the box was not checked.
Grants on this return
-
CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY
$410,149
RESEARCH
-
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
$344,570
RESEARCH
-
RESEARCH
-
$322,246
RESEARCH
-
$319,175
RESEARCH
-
$189,931
RESEARCH
-
$189,725
TREAT ASIA
-
$56,133
TREAT ASIA
-
$50,000
RESEARCH
-
RESEARCH
The 10 largest by cash amount. The API serves every itemized grant.
Provenance
- Return type
- form_990
- Tax year
- 2024
- Filed
- 21 July 2026
- IRS schema version
- 2024v5.5
- Source object
- 202632029349300118
Check it against the return as filed: the GivingTuesday Data Lake hosts a public copy of the original XML.
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