Form 990 for tax year 2023
Filed by CARROLL COUNTY HEALTH SERVICE CORP.
Totals
- Total revenue
- $135,128
- Total expenses
- $7,000
- Contributions and grants received
- $0
- Grants paid
- $7,000
- Program service revenue
- $0
- Investment income
- $67,652
- Other revenue
- $67,476
- Total assets, end of year
- $432,589,878
- Total liabilities, end of year
- $25,189
- Net assets or fund balances, end of year
- $432,564,689
- Program services expenses (Part IX)
- $7,000
- Management and general expenses
- $0
- Fundraising expenses
- $0
- Program service expenses (Part III)
- $7,000
Program services were 100.0% of total expenses calculated — Part IX's program-services column over total expenses, both as filed.
Line items
Every line the filer filed in Parts VIII, IX and X, as filed and in filed order. Blank columns are left out, and the lines are not forced to add up to the totals above.
Revenue
Part VIII, the statement of revenue.
-
3 · Investment income
total $67,652 · excluded $67,652
-
4 · Income from investment of tax-exempt bond proceeds
total $0
-
5 · Royalties
total $0
-
6a · Gross rents
real property $114,480
-
6b · Less rental expenses
real property $47,004
-
6c · Rental income or loss
real property $67,476 · personal property $0
-
6d · Net rental income or loss
total $67,476 · unrelated business $15,000 · excluded $52,476
-
7d · Net gain or loss
total $0
-
8a · Fundraising events: gross income
$0
-
8b · Fundraising events: direct expenses
$0
-
8c · Net income from fundraising events
total $0
-
9a · Gaming: gross income
$0
-
9b · Gaming: direct expenses
$0
-
9c · Net income from gaming
total $0
-
10a · Gross sales of inventory
$0
-
10b · Cost of goods sold
$0
-
10c · Net income from sales of inventory
total $0
-
11e · Other revenue, total
$0
Functional expenses
Part IX, the statement of functional expenses.
-
1 · Grants to domestic organizations and governments
total $0
-
2 · Grants to domestic individuals
total $7,000 · program services $7,000
-
3 · Grants to foreign organizations and individuals
total $0
-
4 · Benefits paid to or for members
total $0
-
5 · Compensation of officers, directors and key employees
total $0
-
6 · Compensation of disqualified persons
total $0
-
7 · Other salaries and wages
total $0
-
8 · Pension plan contributions
total $0
-
9 · Other employee benefits
total $0
-
10 · Payroll taxes
total $0
-
11a · Fees: management
total $0
-
11b · Fees: legal
total $0
-
11c · Fees: accounting
total $0
-
11d · Fees: lobbying
total $0
-
11e · Fees: professional fundraising services
total $0
-
11f · Fees: investment management
total $0
-
11g · Fees: other
total $0
-
12 · Advertising and promotion
total $0
-
13 · Office expenses
total $0
-
14 · Information technology
total $0
-
15 · Royalties
total $0
-
16 · Occupancy
total $0
-
17 · Travel
total $0
-
18 · Travel or entertainment for public officials
total $0
-
19 · Conferences, conventions and meetings
total $0
-
20 · Interest
total $0
-
21 · Payments to affiliates
total $0
-
22 · Depreciation, depletion and amortization
total $0
-
23 · Insurance
total $0
Balance sheet
Part X, book values.
-
1 · Cash, non-interest-bearing
beginning of year $1,423,301 · end of year $1,564,417
-
2 · Savings and temporary cash investments
beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
-
3 · Pledges and grants receivable
beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
-
4 · Accounts receivable
beginning of year $0 · end of year $2,540
-
5 · Loans and receivables from officers and key people
beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
-
6 · Loans and receivables from disqualified persons
beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
-
7 · Other notes and loans receivable
beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
-
8 · Inventories for sale or use
beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
-
9 · Prepaid expenses and deferred charges
beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
-
10a · Land, buildings and equipment: cost or other basis
$2,600,682
-
10b · Land, buildings and equipment: accumulated depreciation
$16,894
-
10c · Land, buildings and equipment, net
beginning of year $2,583,788 · end of year $2,583,788
-
11 · Investments: publicly traded securities
beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
-
12 · Investments: other securities
beginning of year $29,605 · end of year $21,687
-
13 · Investments: program-related
beginning of year $388,040,800 · end of year $428,394,537
-
14 · Intangible assets
beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
-
15 · Other assets
beginning of year $31,688 · end of year $22,909
-
17 · Accounts payable and accrued expenses
beginning of year $0 · end of year $567
-
18 · Grants payable
beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
-
19 · Deferred revenue
beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
-
20 · Tax-exempt bond liabilities
beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
-
21 · Escrow or custodial account liability
beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
-
22 · Loans and payables to officers and key people
beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
-
23 · Secured mortgages and notes payable
beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
-
24 · Unsecured notes and loans payable
beginning of year $0 · end of year $0
-
25 · Other liabilities
beginning of year $18,440 · end of year $24,622
-
27 · Net assets without donor restrictions
beginning of year $330,728,254 · end of year $370,637,083
-
28 · Net assets with donor restrictions
beginning of year $61,362,488 · end of year $61,927,606
Mission and programs · 2023
Mission
TO SUPPORT CARROLL HOSPITAL CENTER, INC., INCLUDING BY ASSISTING IN OVERSEEING THE OPERATIONS OF ITS SUBSIDIARIES.
-
CARROLL COUNTY HEALTH SERVICES CORPORATION IS A NON-PROFIT, NON-STOCK MEMBERSHIP CORPORATION INCORPORATED IN MARYLAND ENGAGED IN SUPPORTING CARROLL HOSPITAL CENTER, INC., INCLUDING BY ASSISTING IN OVERSEEING THE OPERATIONS OF ITS SUBSIDIARIES. CARROLL HOSPITAL CENTER, INC. IS A WHOLLY CONTROLLED SUBSIDIARY OF THE CORPORATION. THE HOSPITAL OPERATES A 166 BED ACUTE CARE HOSPITAL WITH BOTH INPATIENT AND OUTPATIENT CARE.
Expenses $7,000 · Grants $7,000
As filed on the 2023 return.
Listed in Part VII
-
Neil M MeltzerNEIL M MELTZER
DIRECTOR/LBH PRESIDENT/CEO
- Total calculated
- $3,866,428
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $3,815,188
- Other
- $51,240
- Hours/week
- 1 + 40 related
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $0 + $1,155,617 related
- Bonus
- $0 + $1,616,328 related
- Other
- $0 + $1,043,243 related
- Deferred
- $0 + $36,588 related
- Nontaxable benefits
- $0 + $14,652 related
- Filer's total
- $0 + $3,866,428 related
-
Leslie R SimmonsLESLIE R SIMMONS
FORMER DIR./PRES. CHC/ COO LBH
- Total calculated
- $1,868,566
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $1,747,479
- Other
- $121,087
- Hours/week
- 1 + 40 related
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $0 + $747,036 related
- Bonus
- $0 + $518,820 related
- Other
- $0 + $481,623 related
- Deferred
- $0 + $108,622 related
- Nontaxable benefits
- $0 + $12,465 related
- Filer's total
- $0 + $1,868,566 related
-
David KrajewskiDAVID KRAJEWSKI
ASSISTANT TREASURER
- Total calculated
- $1,776,381
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $1,730,081
- Other
- $46,300
- Hours/week
- 1 + 40 related
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $0 + $827,278 related
- Bonus
- $0 + $573,231 related
- Other
- $0 + $329,572 related
- Deferred
- $0 + $37,295 related
- Nontaxable benefits
- $0 + $9,005 related
- Filer's total
- $0 + $1,776,381 related
-
Jason WeinerJASON WEINER
ASSISTANT SECRETARY
- Total calculated
- $1,207,976
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $1,002,448
- Other
- $205,528
- Hours/week
- 1 + 40 related
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $0 + $499,556 related
- Bonus
- $0 + $352,829 related
- Other
- $0 + $150,063 related
- Deferred
- $0 + $194,443 related
- Nontaxable benefits
- $0 + $11,085 related
- Filer's total
- $0 + $1,207,976 related
-
Garrett W HooverGARRETT W HOOVER
DIRECTOR/PRESIDENT/COO OF CHC
- Total calculated
- $750,694
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $736,748
- Other
- $13,946
- Hours/week
- 1 + 40 related
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $0 + $429,070 related
- Bonus
- $0 + $262,119 related
- Other
- $0 + $45,559 related
- Deferred
- $0 + $2,204 related
- Nontaxable benefits
- $0 + $11,742 related
- Filer's total
- $0 + $750,694 related
-
Michael MyersMICHAEL MYERS
TREASURER
- Total calculated
- $523,385
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $452,933
- Other
- $70,452
- Hours/week
- 1 + 40 related
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $0 + $327,867 related
- Bonus
- $0 + $78,576 related
- Other
- $0 + $46,490 related
- Deferred
- $0 + $58,642 related
- Nontaxable benefits
- $0 + $11,810 related
- Filer's total
- $0 + $523,385 related
-
Alec YeoALEC YEO
IMMEDIATE PAST CHAIR
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1 + 1 related
-
Thomas ZirpoliTHOMAS ZIRPOLI
CHAIR
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1 + 1 related
-
Deborah SeidelDEBORAH SEIDEL
VICE CHAIR
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1 + 1 related
-
Sue ChambersSUE CHAMBERS
SECRETARY
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1 + 1 related
-
David S BollingerDAVID S BOLLINGER
DIRECTOR
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1 + 1 related
-
Lee CoplanLEE COPLAN
DIRECTOR/CHAIRMAN OF LBH
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1 + 1 related
-
Christopher Grove MDCHRISTOPHER GROVE MD
DIRECTOR/PRES. MEDICAL STAFF
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1 + 1 related
-
Damian HalstadDAMIAN HALSTAD
DIRECTOR
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1 + 1 related
-
Todd HerringTODD HERRING
DIRECTOR
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1 + 1 related
-
Kiran Kuna MDKIRAN KUNA MD
DIRECTOR
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1 + 1 related
-
Alex MyersALEX MYERS
DIRECTOR/FDN CHAIR
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1 + 1 related
-
Marcus L PrimmMARCUS L PRIMM
DIRECTOR
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1 + 1 related
-
Richaed SienRICHAED SIEN
DIRECTOR
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1 + 1 related
-
Jack TevisJACK TEVIS
DIRECTOR
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1 + 1 related
-
Drewry White MDDREWRY WHITE MD
DIRECTOR
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 1 + 1 related
Compensation is as filed in Part VII: reportable pay from this organization and from related organizations, other compensation, and hours per week. The total, marked calculated, is our sum of the three dollar columns, with a blank column counted as $0; the form itself has no total. On a Form 990-EZ the columns are Part IV's instead, and on a Form 990-PF Part VIII's — compensation, contributions to benefit plans, and expense account — and the total sums those. A Schedule J breakdown is as filed: base pay, bonus, other, deferred compensation and nontaxable benefits from this organization, with any from related organizations beside each, and the filer's own total. It is shown with the Part VII listing of the same name on the same return. The form gives no key between the two, so that pairing is ours, and is marked matched by us.
Schedule J
Answered yes
- 4b · Supplemental nonqualified retirement plan
Answered no
- 4a · Severance or change-of-control payment
- 4c · Equity-based compensation arrangement
- 5a · Pay contingent on this organization's revenues
- 5b · Pay contingent on a related organization's revenues
- 6a · Pay contingent on this organization's net earnings
- 6b · Pay contingent on a related organization's net earnings
- 7 · Other non-fixed payments
- 8 · Paid under the initial-contract exception
The filer's explanations (Part III)
- SCHEDULE J, PART I, LINE 3:
- CARROLL COUNTY HEALTH SERVICES CORPORATION'S COMPENSATION OF TOP-LEVEL MANAGEMENT OFFICIALS IS DETERMINED AT THE PARENT LEVEL BY LIFEBRIDGE HEALTH, INC. THE METHODS USED AT LIFEBRIDGE HEALTH, INC. INCLUDE A COMPENSATION COMMITTEE, INDEPENDENT COMPENSATION CONSULTANT, COMPENSATION SURVEY OR STUDY AND APPROVAL BY THE BOARD OR COMPENSATION COMMITTEE.
- SCHEDULE J, PART I, LINE 4B:
- THE FOLLOWING DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS PARTICIPATED IN A LIFEBRIDGE HEALTH SPONSORED SUPPLEMENTAL NONQUALIFIED RETIREMENT PLAN DURING THE YEAR. THE AMOUNTS REPORTED BELOW REPRESENT EMPLOYER CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SECTION 457(F) PLAN MADE DURING THE YEAR: LESLIE SIMMONS $ 72,406 MICHAEL MYERS $ 42,846 DURING THE YEAR, THE FOLLOWING DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS RECEIVED PAYMENTS AS A RESULT OF THEIR PARTICIPATION IN A LIFEBRIDGE HEALTH SPONSORED SUPPLEMENTAL NONQUALIFIED RETIREMENT PLAN: NEIL MELTZER $ 981,333 LESLIE SIMMONS $ 454,465 MICHAEL MYERS $ 38,075 COMPENSATION PROVIDED BY RELATED ORGANIZATIONS: MR. HOOVER RECEIVED COMPENSATION AS PRESIDENT OF CARROLL COUNTY HEALTH SERVICES CORPORATION AND CARROLL HOSPITAL CENTER, INC., AND AS SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT OF LIFEBRIDGE HEALTH, INC., NOT AS A DIRECTOR. MR. MELTZER RECEIVED COMPENSATION AS PRESIDENT/CEO OF LIFEBRIDGE HEALTH, INC., NOT AS A DIRECTOR. MR. MYERS RECEIVED COMPENSATION AS VICE PRESIDENT OF REGULATORY REPORTING & REIMBURSEMENT AND CFO/VICE PRESIDENT OF CARROLL HOSPITAL CENTER, INC., NOT AS A DIRECTOR. MS. SIMMONS RECEIVED COMPENSATION AS COO OF LIFEBRIDGE HEALTH, INC., NOT AS A DIRECTOR."
Part I's answers as filed. A line not listed was left unanswered; on lines 1a and 3 that means the box was not checked.
Grants on this return
No itemized grants to organizations on this return.
Related organizations on this return
Schedule R Part II: tax-exempt organizations related to the filer by control. It does not record shared board members or money.
-
501(C)(3) · HOSPITAL · MD · controlled entity
Directly controlled by CCHS
-
501(C)(3) · HOSPICE · MD · controlled entity
Directly controlled by CHC
-
CARROLL HOSPITAL CENTER FOUNDATION INC
501(C)(3) · HOSPITAL SUPP · MD · controlled entity
Directly controlled by CHC
-
PARTNERSHIP FOR A HEALTHIER CARROLL CTY
501(C)(3) · HEALTH SVCS · MD · controlled entity
Directly controlled by CHC
-
LEVINDALE HEBREW GERIATRIC CENTER HOSP
501(C)(3) · HOSPITAL · MD
Directly controlled by LBH
-
SINAI HOSPITAL OF BALTIMORE INC
501(C)(3) · HOSPITAL · MD
Directly controlled by LBH
-
COURTLAND GARDENS NURSING AND REHAB CTR
501(C)(3) · NURSING · MD
Directly controlled by LBH
-
501(C)(3) · HOSPITAL · MD
Directly controlled by LBH
-
CHILDRENS HOSPITAL OF BALTIMORE CITY INC
501(C)(3) · HOSPITAL SUPP · MD
Directly controlled by LBH
-
THE BALTIMORE JEWISH HEALTH FDN INC
501(C)(3) · HOSPITAL SUPP · MD
Directly controlled by LBH
-
CHILDRENS HOSPITAL AT SINAI FOUNDATION
501(C)(3) · HOSPITAL SUPP · MD
Directly controlled by LBH
-
THE BALTIMORE JEWISH ELDERCARE FDN
501(C)(3) · HOSPITAL SUPP · MD
Directly controlled by LBH
-
501(C)(3) · CHILD SVCS · MD
Directly controlled by LBH
-
501(C)(3) · HOSPITAL · MD
Directly controlled by LBH
-
WEST BALTIMORE RENAISSANCE FDN INC
501(C)(3) · COMMUNITY CTR · MD
Directly controlled by LBH
-
LIFEBRIDGE CENTER FOR HOPE INC
501(C)(3) · REAL ESTATE · MD
Directly controlled by SHB
-
501(C)(3) · SUPPORT · MD
Directly controlled by NA
-
501(C)(3) · CHILD SVCS · MD
Directly controlled by LBH
Taxable family on this return
Schedule R Parts I, III and IV, as filed. These record ownership and control, not shared board members or money moved.
Related partnerships
Part III: related organizations taxable as a partnership, with the filer's share.
-
Carroll County Radiology LLC
N/A · Radiology · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
Carroll Occupational Health LLC
N/A · MEDICAL SERVICES · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
Cardiovascular Associates of Maryland
N/A · MEDICAL SERVICES · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
LifeBridge Cardiology of Parkville LLC
N/A · MEDICAL SERVICES · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
LifeBridge Community Gastroenterology
N/A · MEDICAL SERVICES · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
LifeBridge Community Pediatrics LLC
N/A · MEDICAL SERVICES · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
LifeBridge Community Pulmonology LLC
N/A · MEDICAL SERVICES · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
LifeBridge Gynecology of Pikesville LLC
N/A · MEDICAL SERVICES · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
LifeBridge Medical Associates LLC
N/A · MEDICAL SERVICES · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
LifeBridge Neurosciences LLC
N/A · MEDICAL SERVICES · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
LifeBridge Primary Care of Eldersburg
N/A · MEDICAL SERVICES · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
LifeBridge Primary Care of North Carroll
N/A · MEDICAL SERVICES · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
Homecare Maryland LLC
N/A · HOME HEALTH SRVC · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
LifeBridge Rehabilitation Services LLC
N/A · Rehab Services · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
Ellicott City ASC Management LLC
N/A · MEDICAL SERVICES · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
Surgicenter of Baltimore LLC
N/A · MEDICAL SERVICES · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
Springwell Partners LLC
N/A · ASSISTED LIVING · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
LifeBridge Suburban Physician Group II
N/A · MEDICAL SERVICES · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
LifeBridge Lab Management LLC
N/A · Lab Services · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
LifeBridge Metropolitan Physician GrpII
N/A · MEDICAL SERVICES · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
LifeBridge Multi-Specialty LLC
N/A · MEDICAL SERVICES · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
Ellicott City Ambulatory Surgery Center
N/A · MEDICAL SERVICES · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
Oak Farm Solutions LLC
N/A · HOME HEALTH SRVC · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
MNR Industries LLC
N/A · URGENT CARE SRVC · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
MNR of Frederick County LLC
N/A · URGENT CARE SRVC · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
Baker Rehab Group LLC
N/A · Rehab Services · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
Advanced Endo Ctr of Howard Cty LLC
N/A · MEDICAL SERVICES · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
Related corporations and trusts
Part IV: related organizations taxable as a corporation or trust.
-
CARROLL COUNTY MED-SERVICES INC
C Corp · MEDICAL SERVICES · MD · 100% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0 · controlled entity
Directly controlled by CCHSC
-
LIFEBRIDGE INVESTMENTS INC
C Corp · INVESTMENT · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by LBH
-
HEALTHSTAR MEDICAL SERVICES INC
C Corp · HEALTHCARE · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by LB INV INC
-
PRACTICE DYNAMICS INC
C Corp · BILLING · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by LB INV INC
-
LIFEBRIDGE INSURANCE COMPANY LTD
C Corp · INSURANCE · CJ · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by LBH
-
LIFEBRIDGE COMMUNITY PHYSICIANS INC
C Corp · HEALTHCARE · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by LB INV INC
-
CARROLL BILLING SERVICES INC
C Corp · BILLING SERVICES · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by CHC INC
-
CARROLL COUNTY GEN HOSP SOUTH CARROLL
C Corp · REAL ESTATE · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by NA
-
MED-SERVICES HOLDINGS INC
C Corp · MEDICAL SERVICES · MD · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by CCMS INC
-
LIFEBRIDGE HEALTH ISRAEL LTD
C Corp · HEALTHCARE · IS · 0% owned · share of income $0 · share of assets $0
Directly controlled by LB INV INC
Provenance
- Return type
- form_990
- Tax year
- 2023
- Filed
- 7 May 2025
- IRS schema version
- 2023v6.0
- Source object
- 202501349349311300
Check it against the return as filed: the GivingTuesday Data Lake hosts a public copy of the original XML.
The source document this was parsed from is served over the API, which is where bulk and document access live.