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CLAUSE 40 FOUNDATION

EIN 82-4127219 WASHINGTON, DC

Browse the largest nonprofits in District of Columbia

Revenue 2024
$67,311
Expenses 2024
$69,769

Program services were 27.3% of total expenses calculated — Part III's total program service expenses over total expenses, both as filed.

As filed

Subsection
03
NTEE code
I50
Classification
1000
Street
700 PENNSYLVANIA AVE SE STE 560

These codes are the IRS's own and are shown exactly as filed. What each one means is in the Business Master File documentation (opens in a new tab).

Other organizations at this address

1 other organization in the IRS Business Master File lists the same street address. matched by us

This address is a suite or unit (STE 560). Organizations that share one are often clients of the same office-services firm, accountant or registered agent rather than related to each other.

We match the street line and ZIP code as the IRS gives them, ignoring case and outer spaces and nothing else, so "AVE" and "AVENUE" count as different streets and this list can miss some. A shared address can mean related organizations or a shared office, but it can also be a registered agent, a mail drop or a service provider holding mail for unrelated clients. It is not, by itself, evidence that two organizations are connected.

Mission and programs · 2024

Primary exempt purpose

CLAUSE 40 FOUNDATION IS A NONPARTISAN ORGANIZATION WHOSE MISSION IS TO HONOR, PRESERVE, AND PROMOTE THE DUE PROCESS RIGHTS GUARANTEED IN THE U.S. CONSTITUTION THROUGH PUBLIC EDUCATION, EVENTS, RESEARCH, LITIGATION, AND MORE. IN THE AMERICAN CRIMINAL LEGAL SYSTEM, THESE CONSTITUTIONAL PRINCIPLES ENCOMPASS A NUMBER OF SPECIFIC ISSUES INCLUDING: THE RIGHT TO HAVE NOTICE OF THE NATION'S CRIMINAL LAWS; THE RIGHT TO PRESENT EVIDENCE; THE FREEDOM FROM UNREASONABLE SEARCHES AND SEIZURES; THE RIGHT TO A FAIR AND IMPARTIAL GRAND JURY; THE RIGHT TO A MEANINGFUL OPPORTUNITY TO BE HEARD BY AN UNBIASED TRIBUNAL IN A TIMELY MANNER; AND THE RIGHT TO BE REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL. CLAUSE 40 FOUNDATION HONORS, PRESERVES, AND PROMOTES THESE CORE CONSTITUTIONAL AMERICAN VALUES THROUGH ITS OWN EDUCATIONAL AND CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES, AS WELL AS THROUGH COLLABORATION ON PROJECTS WITH OTHER NONPROFITS, ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS, AND INDIVIDUALS.

  • POLICY WORK: THROUGH CREATING AND FUNDING THE CREATION OF REPORTS, WHITE PAPERS, LEGAL BACKGROUNDERS, LONGER RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS, BLOGS, GUIDES, TREATISES, CASE STUDIES, OP-EDS, SOCIAL AND TRADITIONAL MEDIA AND COMMUNICATIONS, AND E-ALERTS, CLAUSE 40 FOUNDATION CREATES AND SUPPORTS ORIGINAL NONPARTISAN ANALYSIS, STUDY, RESEARCH, AND WRITING TO PROVIDE DATA AND EDUCATION TO THE PUBLIC PERTAINING TO DUE PROCESS-RELATED CRIMINAL LAW ISSUES IN ORDER TO PROMOTE THESE VALUABLE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS. POLICY AREAS IN WHICH CLAUSE 40 FOUNDATION FOCUSED IN 2024 INCLUDE: INCREASING PROSECUTORIAL ACCOUNTABILITY; PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CRIMINAL LAW PROCEDURAL DUE PROCESS RIGHTS; CURTAILING WARRANTLESS SURVEILLANCE; ENHANCING PUBLIC SAFETY; AND SUPPORTING REENTRY OF FORMERLY INCARCERATED PERSONS AND PROVIDING THEM WITH "SECOND CHANCES." CLAUSE 40 FOUNDATION ALSO MAINTAINS A LEGAL EXTERNSHIP PROGRAM IN ORDER TO ENCOURAGE THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW LEGAL SCHOLARS AND LITIGATORS IN THIS SPACE, ALTHOUGH THE PROGRAM DID NOT HOST ANYONE IN 2024 DUE TO A LACK OF SUPERVISORY STAFF.

    Expenses $11,135

  • EVENTS: THROUGH PROGRAMS, SEMINARS, LECTURES, FILM SCREENINGS, BOOK EVENTS, AND CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION (CLE) EVENTS, THE FOUNDATION PROVIDES EDUCATION NATIONWIDE TO ACADEMICS, LAWYERS, ADVOCATES, JOURNALISTS, AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC AT LARGE WITH RESPECT TO A WIDE RANGE OF CRIMINAL LAW CONSTITUTIONAL DUE PROCESS CONCERNS. THE GOAL OF THESE EFFORTS IS TO CULTIVATE A BETTER PUBLIC KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF THE PROCEDURAL DUE PROCESS RIGHTS PROTECTED BY THE U.S. CONSTITUTION AND TO IMPROVE AWARENESS OF WAYS IN WHICH OUR CRIMINAL LEGAL SYSTEM COULD IMPROVE PROCEDURAL FAIRNESS. IN 2024, CLAUSE 40 FOUNDATION CO-HOSTED "TWO VIEWS: AN EXPLORATION OF KEY CASES FROM THE SUPREME COURT'S CRIMINAL LAW DOCKET," A WIDELY ATTENDED LIVE CLE EVENT THAT FEATURED TWO CONSTITUTIONAL LAW EXPERTS DISCUSSING THE MOST IMPORTANT CRIMINAL LAW CASES BEFORE THE COURT.

    Expenses $6,442

  • LITIGATION: CLAUSE 40 FOUNDATION DIRECTS AND SUPPORTS EFFORTS TO PRESERVE PROCEDURAL DUE PROCESS RIGHTS THROUGH LITIGATION, PARTICULARLY THROUGH THE FILING OR FUNDING OF AMICUS OR "FRIEND OF THE COURT" LEGAL BRIEFS. THIS WORK FURTHERS CLAUSE 40 FOUNDATION'S CHARITABLE MISSION OF DEFENDING HUMAN AND CIVIL RIGHTS SECURED BY LAW--NAMELY THE PROCEDURAL DUE PROCESS RIGHTS ENSHRINED IN THE U.S. CONSTITUTION. THIS YEAR THE FOUNDATION FILED IN A CASE IN WHICH WE ARGUED THAT REMOTE WITNESS TESTIMONY CANNOT BE SQUARED WITH THE SIXTH AMENDMENT'S CONFRONTATION CLAUSE. IT ALSO FILED IN A CASE CONCERNING THE SUFFICIENCY OF THE FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS IN A FEDERAL GRAND JURY INDICTMENT.

    Expenses $1,437

  • HONORING DUE PROCESS RIGHTS: CLAUSE 40 FOUNDATION PLANS TO HONOR THE IMPORTANCE OF DUE PROCESS RIGHTS THROUGH PROJECTS SUCH AS THE AWARDING OF A "DUE PROCESS TORCH" TO INDIVIDUALS AND ORGANIZATIONS WHO HAVE CONTRIBUTED IN A MEANINGFUL WAY TO THE PRESERVATION OF DUE PROCESS IN THE U.S. CRIMINAL LEGAL SYSTEM. (THE AWARD WAS NOT AWARDED IN 2024 DUE TO A LACK OF FUNDING AND STAFF.)

As filed on the 2024 return. The filer continues this part on Schedule O, which is not shown here.

Officers and directors · 2024

As listed in Part VII of the 2024 return, in the order the filer printed them. Each return names its own; this is not a roster the organization keeps with us.

  • Shana-Tara O'Toole

    PRESIDENT AND CEO

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    1.9
  • Ross Garber

    CHAIR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    1
  • Karen Blackistone

    TREASURER

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    1
  • Blair Brown

    SECRETARY

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    1
  • Michael Chase

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    1
  • Alex Litvack

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    1
  • Timothy O'Toole

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    1
  • Brett Tolman

    DIRECTOR

    Total calculated
    $0
    Hours/week
    1

Compensation is as filed in Part VII: reportable pay from this organization and from related organizations, other compensation, and hours per week. The total, marked calculated, is our sum of the three dollar columns, with a blank column counted as $0; the form itself has no total. On a Form 990-EZ the columns are Part IV's instead, and on a Form 990-PF Part VIII's — compensation, contributions to benefit plans, and expense account — and the total sums those. Earlier years are each on their own filing page.

Filings

  • 2024
    Revenue
    $67,311
    Expenses
    $69,769
    Contributions
    $63,884
    Grants paid
    not reported
  • 2023
    Revenue
    $99,688
    Expenses
    $114,138
    Contributions
    $95,712
    Grants paid
    $0
  • 2022
    Revenue
    $116,303
    Expenses
    $298,779
    Contributions
    $112,728
    Grants paid
    $50,000

The four totals the IRS asks for on Part I of the Form 990, as filed. A dash means the figure was not present on the return — not that it was zero.

Other returns filed

  • 2021 · 990

    Revenue
    $87,315
    Expenses
    $191,660
    Assets (EOY)
    $314,597
  • 2020 · 990

    Revenue
    $341,746
    Expenses
    $115,821
    Assets (EOY)
    $323,522

Nonprofiteer parses Forms 990, 990-EZ and 990-PF, in a window of recent tax years. These returns are recorded from the IRS e-file index, so their figures were extracted by that index rather than read from the return here — treat them as a different source from the filings above, not as more of the same record. A dash means the index carries no figure; Form 990-T listings carry none at all.

Grants made

Where these grants went next →

Grants received

Related organizations

From Schedule R Part II, where a filer lists the tax-exempt organizations it is related to by control. It does not record shared board members or money.

Declared on its 2023 return

Declared as related by

Other IRS files

Auto-Revocation List

Not listed. The IRS publishes this list for organizations whose exemption was automatically revoked for failing to file for three consecutive years.

Publication 78

Listed as of 13 October 2026, under deductibility PC.

These are two separate IRS files on two separate schedules, shown as published and not reconciled with each other. Neither is a statement about whether a contribution is deductible today: 19,245 organizations appear in Publication 78 while the IRS's own revocation file lists them as currently revoked, more than half of those revoked before 2019. Absence from Publication 78 is evidence of nothing, and presence is not evidence either. Verify current status with the IRS before relying on it.

What this page reflects

The registration facts above come from the IRS Business Master File published 13 October 2026 and read 1 November 2026, for every organization at once. Returns through tax year 2024, the newest we have parsed for this organization.