Totals
- Total revenue
- $437,288,615
- Total expenses
- $437,726,924
- Contributions and grants received
- $850,670
- Grants paid
- $348,824
- Program service revenue
- $433,275,215
- Investment income
- $127,835
- Other revenue
- $3,034,895
- Total assets, end of year
- $292,118,482
- Total liabilities, end of year
- $40,284,417
- Net assets or fund balances, end of year
- $251,834,065
- Program services expenses (Part IX)
- $430,842,884
- Management and general expenses
- $6,884,040
- Fundraising expenses
- $0
- Program service expenses (Part III)
- $430,842,884
Program services were 98.4% of total expenses calculated — Part IX's program-services column over total expenses, both as filed.
Line items
Every line the filer filed in Parts VIII, IX and X, as filed and in filed order. Blank columns are left out, and the lines are not forced to add up to the totals above.
Revenue
Part VIII, the statement of revenue.
-
1d · Related organizations
$190,267
-
1e · Government grants (contributions)
$645,403
-
1f · All other contributions, gifts and grants
$15,000
-
2a · Program service revenue: Net Patient Services
total $420,040,826 · related or exempt $420,040,826
-
2b · Program service revenue: Pharmacy
total $13,230,165 · related or exempt $391,850 · excluded $12,838,315
-
2c · Program service revenue: Rental Income - Exempt Affiliate
total $4,224 · related or exempt $4,224
-
3 · Investment income
total $129,805 · excluded $129,805
-
6a · Gross rents
real property $3,840,014
-
6b · Less rental expenses
real property $3,373,040
-
6c · Rental income or loss
real property $466,974
-
6d · Net rental income or loss
total $466,974 · unrelated business -$83,151 · excluded $550,125
-
7a · Gross sales of assets other than inventory
other assets $1,000
-
7b · Less cost or other basis and sales expenses
other assets $2,970
-
7c · Gain or loss
other assets -$1,970
-
7d · Net gain or loss
total -$1,970 · excluded -$1,970
-
11a · Other revenue: Cafeteria
total $1,899,476 · excluded $1,899,476
-
11b · Other revenue: Gift Shop
total $507,222 · excluded $507,222
-
11c · Other revenue: Support Services
total $101,581 · related or exempt $85,689 · excluded $15,892
-
11d · All other revenue
total $59,642 · excluded $59,642
-
11e · Other revenue, total
$2,567,921
Functional expenses
Part IX, the statement of functional expenses.
-
1 · Grants to domestic organizations and governments
total $31,107 · program services $31,107
-
2 · Grants to domestic individuals
total $317,717 · program services $317,717
-
5 · Compensation of officers, directors and key employees
total $1,013,481 · management and general $1,013,481
-
7 · Other salaries and wages
total $99,638,581 · program services $98,492,567 · management and general $1,146,014
-
8 · Pension plan contributions
total $2,917,820 · program services $2,894,540 · management and general $23,280
-
9 · Other employee benefits
total $10,411,123 · program services $9,787,192 · management and general $623,931
-
10 · Payroll taxes
total $7,416,598 · program services $7,229,816 · management and general $186,782
-
11a · Fees: management
total $39,311,196 · program services $38,385,094 · management and general $926,102
-
11b · Fees: legal
total $102,944 · management and general $102,944
-
11g · Fees: other
total $77,512,022 · program services $77,324,245 · management and general $187,777
-
12 · Advertising and promotion
total $156,401 · program services $153,329 · management and general $3,072
-
13 · Office expenses
total $2,467,229 · program services $2,081,104 · management and general $386,125
-
16 · Occupancy
total $8,362,322 · program services $7,859,961 · management and general $502,361
-
17 · Travel
total $130,077 · program services $120,152 · management and general $9,925
-
19 · Conferences, conventions and meetings
total $95,598 · program services $78,941 · management and general $16,657
-
20 · Interest
total $37,296 · program services $37,296
-
22 · Depreciation, depletion and amortization
total $21,287,200 · program services $20,254,160 · management and general $1,033,040
-
23 · Insurance
total $423,528 · program services $332,635 · management and general $90,893
-
24a · Other expenses: Medical Supplies
total $138,733,607 · program services $138,733,607
-
24b · Other expenses: Bad Debt
total $12,845,942 · program services $12,845,942
-
24c · Other expenses: Minor Equipment
total $10,274,767 · program services $10,114,503 · management and general $160,264
-
24d · Other expenses: Food & Dietary
total $2,377,138 · program services $2,377,138
-
24e · All other expenses
total $1,863,230 · program services $1,391,838 · management and general $471,392
Balance sheet
Part X, book values.
-
1 · Cash, non-interest-bearing
beginning of year $8,836 · end of year -$2,338,903
-
2 · Savings and temporary cash investments
beginning of year -$3,837,288 · end of year -$119,531
-
4 · Accounts receivable
beginning of year $42,503,118 · end of year $51,000,204
-
8 · Inventories for sale or use
beginning of year $5,541,347 · end of year $6,786,257
-
9 · Prepaid expenses and deferred charges
beginning of year $2,087,107 · end of year $1,404,869
-
10a · Land, buildings and equipment: cost or other basis
$584,457,583
-
10b · Land, buildings and equipment: accumulated depreciation
$358,137,234
-
10c · Land, buildings and equipment, net
beginning of year $249,849,668 · end of year $226,320,349
-
15 · Other assets
beginning of year $18,159,078 · end of year $9,065,237
-
17 · Accounts payable and accrued expenses
beginning of year $29,672,976 · end of year $31,555,193
-
25 · Other liabilities
beginning of year $8,674,149 · end of year $8,729,224
-
27 · Net assets without donor restrictions
beginning of year $275,964,741 · end of year $251,834,065
Mission and programs · 2023
Mission
Parkwest Medical Center provides quality healthcare, in alignment with Covenant Health's mission to serve the community by improving the quality of life through better health, regardless of the patient's ability to pay.
Activities or mission (Part I)
Parkwest Medical Center operates a full-service acute care hospital located in west Knoxville, Tennessee, and a psychiatric hospital in neighboring Blount County, TN with a combined total of 456 beds. It is a member of the Covenant Health system.
-
Parkwest Medical Center ("Parkwest") admitted its first patient on December 10, 1973. It became a not-for-profit hospital in 1990 and became part of Covenant Health in 1996. Peninsula, a division of Parkwest Medical Center, ("Peninsula") is the behavioral services division of Parkwest and the region's largest provider of behavioral health services. Peninsula has a 119-bed hospital in Blount County providing mental health services for adolescents and adults. Peninsula also provides outpatient services in four counties. SERVICEWest Knoxville's largest medical center, Parkwest has an organizational culture focused on treating every patient and visitor with courtesy, compassion, and respect. It is best known for excellence in orthopedics, cardiology, surgical and behavioral health. Parkwest and Peninsula served 260,558 patients in 2023. Of these, 240,747 were outpatients and 19,811 were inpatients with an average length-of-stay of 4.44 days. PUTTING PATIENTS FIRSTIn 2023, Parkwest was recognized by U.S. News & World Report as the #8 Best hospital in Tennessee, and the #2 hospital in Knoxville metro area, and rated as a high-performing hospital by US News & World Report for: hip and knee replacements, hip fractures, COPD, colon cancer surgery, heart attack and heart failure measures, heart bypass surgery, abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, and stroke care.BlueCross BlueShield gave the hospital a Blue Distinction Center+ designation for knee replacement and hip surgery, spine surgery, and maternity care, and a Blue Distinction Center designation for bariatric surgery. The Joint Commission has designated the hospital as an Advanced Primary Stroke Center, and Parkwest is a member of Covenant Health's stroke hospital network, which links Covenant Health's member hospitals in providing rapid diagnosis and treatment of stroke. Parkwest was recognized with a GoldPlus Stroke Quality Achievement Award by the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Parkwest has earned the GoldPlus Quality Award from the American Heart Association, recognizing consistent compliance with evidence-based quality measures for care of patients experiencing heart attacks, and a Gold award for non-STEMI quality measures.IMPROVING THE COMMUNITY'S QUALITY OF LIFE THROUGH BETTER HEALTHIn 2023 Parkwest provided over $221,000 worth of transportation, which includes payment to Priority Ambulance for patients to receive treatments, and taxi/transportation fares for patients who had been discharged and needed transportation home.In 2023 Parkwest participated in the Greater Knoxville Heart Walk, raising funds and awareness for heart disease. Parkwest also participates in local health fair screenings for area businesses and groups, providing carotid ultrasound screenings and physical therapy ergonomic education, as well as stroke education. In 2023 the employees at Parkwest also raised money for our internal employee chaplain's fund, which helps employees who are experiencing unusual or extraordinary financial needs.As a member of Covenant Health, Parkwest and Peninsula have adopted the "We Honor Veterans" program, recognizing and celebrating patients and employees in our facility who are veterans. When a patient is identified as a veteran they are recognized with a certificate and pinning ceremony.
Expenses $430,842,884 · Grants $348,824 · Revenue $420,522,589
As filed on the 2023 return. The filer continues this part on Schedule O, which is not shown here.
Listed in Part VII
-
Gerald Boyd
Director
- Total calculated
- $977
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $977
- Other
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
Willard Campbell MD
Director
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
Michael Casey MD
Director
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
Ronni Chandler
Fmr Director (through June 2023)
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
Mitchell Dickson MD
Director
- Total calculated
- $796
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $796
- Other
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
Stephanie Flood
Director
- Total calculated
- $808
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $808
- Other
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
James Gibson
Director
- Total calculated
- $1,008
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $1,008
- Other
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
Edgar Gray
Director
- Total calculated
- $1,054
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $1,054
- Other
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
Leslye Hartsell
Director
- Total calculated
- $1,027
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $1,027
- Other
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
Donald Hickman
Director
- Total calculated
- $1,498
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $1,498
- Other
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
Timothy Matthews
Director
- Total calculated
- $1,196
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $1,196
- Other
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
Janice McKinley
Director
- Total calculated
- $1,222
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $1,222
- Other
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
Dave Miller
Director
- Total calculated
- $1,044
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $1,044
- Other
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
Bill Myers
Director
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
Alvin Nance
Director
- Total calculated
- $1,044
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $1,044
- Other
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
Linda Ogle
Director
- Total calculated
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
King Purnell
Director/Chair
- Total calculated
- $1,630
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $1,630
- Other
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
Jorge Sanabria
Director
- Total calculated
- $1,234
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $1,234
- Other
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
William Seale
Director
- Total calculated
- $1,321
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $1,321
- Other
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
Cosby Stone
Director
- Total calculated
- $1,595
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $1,595
- Other
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
Joe Sutter
Director
- Total calculated
- $1,462
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $1,462
- Other
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
James Tramontana MD
Director
- Total calculated
- $1,196
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $1,196
- Other
- $0
- Hours/week
- 0 + 1 related
-
James D VanderSteeg
President & CEO
- Total calculated
- $3,115,259
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $2,762,691
- Other
- $352,568
- Hours/week
- 0 + 50 related
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $0 + $1,523,002 related
- Bonus
- $0 + $1,039,500 related
- Other
- $0 + $200,189 related
- Deferred
- $0 + $322,565 related
- Nontaxable benefits
- $0 + $30,003 related
- Filer's total
- $0 + $3,115,259 related
-
John T Geppi
Fmr EVP/CFO (through June 2023)
- Total calculated
- $995,771
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $971,426
- Other
- $24,345
- Hours/week
- 0 + 50 related
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $0 + $349,550 related
- Bonus
- $0 + $292,063 related
- Other
- $0 + $329,813 related
- Deferred
- $0 + $12,200 related
- Nontaxable benefits
- $0 + $12,145 related
- Filer's total
- $0 + $995,771 related
-
Joseph C Dolan
EVP/CFO
- Total calculated
- $397,454
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $358,890
- Other
- $38,564
- Hours/week
- 0 + 50 related
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $0 + $284,875 related
- Bonus
- $0 + $60,000 related
- Other
- $0 + $14,015 related
- Deferred
- $0 + $29,667 related
- Nontaxable benefits
- $0 + $8,897 related
- Filer's total
- $0 + $397,454 related
-
Devan C Johnson
President & CAO
- Total calculated
- $460,181
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $429,885
- Other
- $30,296
- Hours/week
- 50
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $0 + $366,124 related
- Bonus
- $0 + $40,000 related
- Other
- $0 + $23,761 related
- Deferred
- $0
- Nontaxable benefits
- $0 + $30,296 related
- Filer's total
- $0 + $460,181 related
-
M Scott Hamilton
VP - Financial Services
- Total calculated
- $288,486
- From this org
- $245,750
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $42,736
- Hours/week
- 40 + 10 related
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $196,897
- Bonus
- $34,000
- Other
- $14,853
- Deferred
- $9,788
- Nontaxable benefits
- $32,948
- Filer's total
- $288,486
-
Michael Cavacos
Fmr VP - CNO (through Dec 2023)
- Total calculated
- $278,465
- From this org
- $257,567
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $20,898
- Hours/week
- 50
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $200,328
- Bonus
- $33,000
- Other
- $24,239
- Deferred
- $11,009
- Nontaxable benefits
- $9,889
- Filer's total
- $278,465
-
Elizabeth Clary
VP - Behavioral Health
- Total calculated
- $240,411
- From this org
- $212,701
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $27,710
- Hours/week
- 50
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $140,563
- Bonus
- $25,000
- Other
- $47,138
- Deferred
- $8,611
- Nontaxable benefits
- $19,099
- Filer's total
- $240,411
-
W Jason Draper
Fmr VP - Supp Svcs(through Mar 2023)
- Total calculated
- $206,119
- From this org
- $189,411
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $16,708
- Hours/week
- 50
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $43,842
- Bonus
- $14,000
- Other
- $131,569
- Deferred
- $8,263
- Nontaxable benefits
- $8,445
- Filer's total
- $206,119
-
Rajendra T Raman MD
Physician - Behavioral
- Total calculated
- $422,193
- From this org
- $373,237
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $48,956
- Hours/week
- 50
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $359,485
- Bonus
- $9,000
- Other
- $4,752
- Deferred
- $18,300
- Nontaxable benefits
- $30,656
- Filer's total
- $422,193
-
John G Kupfner MD
Physician - Behavioral
- Total calculated
- $420,864
- From this org
- $370,692
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $50,172
- Hours/week
- 50
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $362,131
- Bonus
- $7,750
- Other
- $811
- Deferred
- $18,300
- Nontaxable benefits
- $31,872
- Filer's total
- $420,864
-
Shyam P Vuyyuru MD
Physician - Behavioral
- Total calculated
- $401,724
- From this org
- $360,886
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $40,838
- Hours/week
- 50
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $349,134
- Bonus
- $7,000
- Other
- $4,752
- Deferred
- $18,300
- Nontaxable benefits
- $22,538
- Filer's total
- $401,724
-
Surendra K Sharma MD
Physician - Behavioral
- Total calculated
- $407,093
- From this org
- $356,715
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $50,378
- Hours/week
- 50
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $344,963
- Bonus
- $7,000
- Other
- $4,752
- Deferred
- $18,300
- Nontaxable benefits
- $32,078
- Filer's total
- $407,093
-
Thomas P Jensen MD
Physician - Behavioral
- Total calculated
- $376,583
- From this org
- $328,705
- From related orgs
- $0
- Other
- $47,878
- Hours/week
- 50
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $280,876
- Bonus
- $47,109
- Other
- $720
- Deferred
- $18,300
- Nontaxable benefits
- $29,578
- Filer's total
- $376,583
-
Michael R Belbeck Jr
Fmr Interim Pres/CAO-PW/EVP-Hosp Ops
- Total calculated
- $1,046,251
- From this org
- $0
- From related orgs
- $939,140
- Other
- $107,111
- Hours/week
- 0 + 50 related
Schedule J breakdown matched by us
- Base
- $0 + $587,930 related
- Bonus
- $0 + $239,587 related
- Other
- $0 + $111,623 related
- Deferred
- $0 + $74,059 related
- Nontaxable benefits
- $0 + $33,052 related
- Filer's total
- $0 + $1,046,251 related
Compensation is as filed in Part VII: reportable pay from this organization and from related organizations, other compensation, and hours per week. The total, marked calculated, is our sum of the three dollar columns, with a blank column counted as $0; the form itself has no total. On a Form 990-EZ the columns are Part IV's instead, and on a Form 990-PF Part VIII's — compensation, contributions to benefit plans, and expense account — and the total sums those. A Schedule J breakdown is as filed: base pay, bonus, other, deferred compensation and nontaxable benefits from this organization, with any from related organizations beside each, and the filer's own total. It is shown with the Part VII listing of the same name on the same return. The form gives no key between the two, so that pairing is ours, and is marked matched by us.
Schedule J
Answered yes
- 1a · Tax indemnification and gross-up payments
- 1b · Written policy on the line-1a expenses
- 2 · Substantiation required before reimbursing expenses
- 4a · Severance or change-of-control payment
- 4b · Supplemental nonqualified retirement plan
Answered no
- 4c · Equity-based compensation arrangement
- 5a · Pay contingent on this organization's revenues
- 5b · Pay contingent on a related organization's revenues
- 6a · Pay contingent on this organization's net earnings
- 6b · Pay contingent on a related organization's net earnings
- 7 · Other non-fixed payments
- 8 · Paid under the initial-contract exception
The filer's explanations (Part III)
- Part I, Line 1a
- Tax gross-up payments related to deferred compensation are provided to certain executives and managers. Amounts are included in taxable compensation.
- Part I, Line 3
- Covenant Health, the parent company of Parkwest Medical Center, used the following methods in establishing the compensation of President/CEO, James D. VanderSteeg: compensation committee, independent compensation consultant, written employment contract, compensation survey or study, and approval by the board or compensation committee. Additional detail is provided in response to Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Lines 15a and 15b within Schedule O.
- Part I, Lines 4a-b
- W. Jason Draper, Former VP Support Services, received a severance payment of $81,908 during 2023. The amount is included in taxable compensation. His termination date was March 24, 2023. Covenant Health maintains a nonqualified deferred compensation ("NQDC") plan intended to support retention of President and CEO, James D. VanderSteeg, EVP and CFO, Joseph C. Dolan (plan effective 8-1-2023), and EVP of Hospital Operations, Michael R. Belbeck. Employer contributions of $401,891 are reported as deferred compensation on Schedule J, Part II, Column C. Contributions along with 2023 earnings of $97,177 are subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture. Amounts are combined with other compensation and considered for reasonableness. Compensation procedures are discussed in detail in Schedule O (Form 990, Part VI, Section B, Line 15a). Please note that the amounts included in Part II, Column C as contributions to the NQDC plan for James D. VanderSteeg and other executive leaders are deferred but NOT received during the filing year. We report compensation in both the year earned and the year paid, as required by IRS guidelines; however, wages appear overstated due to dual reporting of compensation earned in one year and distributed in a subsequent year.
Part I's answers as filed. A line not listed was left unanswered; on lines 1a and 3 that means the box was not checked.
Grants on this return
-
General support
Related organizations on this return
Schedule R Part II: tax-exempt organizations related to the filer by control. It does not record shared board members or money.
-
501(c)(3) · Supporting organization · TN
-
501(c)(3) · Acute care hospital · TN
Directly controlled by Covenant Health
-
501(c)(3) · Home health services · TN
Directly controlled by Covenant Health
-
501(c)(3) · Acute care hospital · TN
Directly controlled by Covenant Health
-
501(c)(3) · Acute care hospital · TN
Directly controlled by Covenant Health
-
Fort Sanders Regional Medical Center
501(c)(3) · Acute care hospital · TN
Directly controlled by Covenant Health
-
501(c)(3) · Fundraising and patient outreach · TN
Directly controlled by Covenant Health
-
501(c)(3) · High risk obstetrical services · TN
Directly controlled by Fort Sanders Regional Medical Center
-
501(c)(3) · Acute care hospital · TN
Directly controlled by Covenant Health
-
501(c)(3) · Acute care hospital · TN
Directly controlled by Covenant Health
-
Morristown-Hamblen Hospital Association
501(c)(3) · Acute care hospital · TN
Directly controlled by Covenant Health
-
501(c)(3) · Acute care hospital · TN
Directly controlled by Covenant Health
-
Thompson Cancer Survival Center
501(c)(3) · Cancer support center · TN
Directly controlled by Covenant Health
-
501(c)(3) · Oncology services · TN
Directly controlled by Thompson Cancer Survival Center
-
Thompson Cancer Survival Center Foundation
501(c)(3) · Fundraising and patient outreach · TN
Directly controlled by Covenant Health
-
The Dr Robert F Thomas Foundation Inc
501(c)(3) · Fundraising and patient outreach · TN
Directly controlled by Covenant Health
Taxable family on this return
Schedule R Parts I, III and IV, as filed. These record ownership and control, not shared board members or money moved.
Related partnerships
Part III: related organizations taxable as a partnership, with the filer's share.
-
Covenant-AmSurg ASC Ventures LLC
Management company · TN
-
Covenant-KEC ASC Ventures LLC
Management company · TN
-
TEC North LLC
Physician services · TN
-
The Endoscopy Center of Knoxville LLC
Physician services · TN
-
Boulevard ENT-Surgery Center
Surgical services · TN
-
CHUC LLC
Physician services · TN
-
Surgery Center of Oak Ridge LLC
Surgical services · TN
Related corporations and trusts
Part IV: related organizations taxable as a corporation or trust.
-
Fortress Corporation
C · Management company · TN
-
Covenant Medical Group Inc
C · Physician practice management · TN · controlled entity
-
Knoxville Heart Group
C · Cardiology medical practice · TN
-
East TN Cardiovascular Surgery Group Inc
C · Cardiovascular surgical practice · TN
-
TenHats LLC
C · Data storage · TN
Provenance
- Return type
- form_990
- Tax year
- 2023
- Filed
- 13 November 2024
- IRS schema version
- 2023v5.1
- Source object
- 202433189349304513
Check it against the return as filed: the GivingTuesday Data Lake hosts a public copy of the original XML.
The source document this was parsed from is served over the API, which is where bulk and document access live.